Oral Viral Infections

Question 1

what are the characteristics of viruses

Answer 1

small size
simple chemical composition
no intracellular organelles
genetic information as DNA or RNA

Question 2

what are the stages of herpes simplex viral replication

Answer 2

binding
entry
release and nuclear transport
nuclear entry
gene expression
DNA replication
packaging
egress

Question 3

what are the principles of laboratory diagnosis

Answer 3

history and examination
provisional diagnosis
diagnosis
appropriate specimen
virology request form
detection of viral nucleic acid
serology

Question 4

what are the common features of the herpes virus

Answer 4

primary infection
latency
recurrent infection

Question 5

what are the key aspects of human herpes virus

Answer 5

clinical features
pathogenesis
epidemiology
lab diagnosis
prevention and treatment

Question 6

what are the clinical conditions are features of HSV1 and 2

Answer 6

gingivo stomatitis
herpes labialis
keratoconjunctivitis
herpetic whitlow
bell’s palsy
genital herpes

Question 7

what is the pathogenesis of herpes simplex

Answer 7

acute infection
latency
reactivation
cold sores, viral shedding, epithelial cell death

Question 8

what is the reservoir of herpes simplex

Answer 8

saliva

Question 9

what is the route of transmission of herpes simplex

Answer 9

direct by close person to person contact

Question 10

what is the chemoprophylaxis of HSV1 and 2

Answer 10

200mg aciclovir 5x daily

Question 11

what is the antiviral therapy of HSV1 and 2

Answer 11

topical aciclovir cream 5%
IV therapy for severe and immunosuppressed

Question 12

what are the clinical features of varicella

Answer 12

incubation period 10-21 days
CHICKEN POX

Question 13

what are the clinical features of zoster

Answer 13

SHINGLES
vesicles appear in dermatome
intensely painful

Question 14

what is the pathogenesis of varicella zoster

Answer 14

primary infection with varicella zoster
latency in sensory trigeminal ganglion
recurrent infection of latent virus from ganglion

Question 15

what is the route of transmission of varicella zoster

Answer 15

direct contact
droplet
airborne spread

Question 16

what is the prevention for varicella

Answer 16

vaccine

Question 17

what is the prevention of zoster

Answer 17

vaccine for over 70s

Question 18

what is the treatment for zoster

Answer 18

aciclovir 800mg orally x5 daily for 7 days

Question 19

what are the clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 19

fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough

Question 20

what is the pathogenesis for hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 20

transmission through nose and throat secretions

Question 21

how do you treat hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 21

relieve symptoms and prevent dehydration

Question 22

what is the pathogenesis of measles

Answer 22

RNA virus spread through airborne transmission or direct contact with infected respiratory secretions

Question 23

what are the clinical features of mumps

Answer 23

incubation period of 12-24 days
headache and fever
swelling of parotid glands

Question 24

what is the pathogenesis of mumps

Answer 24

transmission by direct contact with saliva or aerosol

Question 25

what are the clinical features of the monkeypox virus

Answer 25

blistering rash or skin lesions on face and genital area usually gay men

Question 26

what is the pathogenesis of monkeypox

Answer 26

enveloped DNA virus transmitted through close contact with an infected person or animal

Question 27

what is aciclovir

Answer 27

acyclic purine nucleoside

Question 28

how does acyclovir work

Answer 28

inhibits DNA polymerase

Question 29

what are the uses of aciclovir

Answer 29

managing cold sores and shingles