Orbit Flashcards
(23 cards)
Exophthalmos
- definition
- causes
- when the globe is pushed forward
- abscess(bacterial/fungal), cellulitis, neoplasia, congenital, proptosis, hemorrhage secondary to trauma, masticatory myositis
enophthalmos
- definition
- causes
- globe recessed back into orbit
- congenital(doli), horners, chronic inflammation, pain, micropthalmia, atrophy of orbital tissues or orbital fractures, starvation/dehydration
strabismus
- definition
- causes
- deviation of globe
- neoplasia, proptosis, congenital (brachy) masticatory myositis, lacrimal cyst, hydrocephalus, orbital fracture
Esotropia
when eye is deviated inwards
- congenital condition in (white/blue eyed) cats
axial corneal ulcer is common in/when?
animal with exophthalmos because they cannot completely blink over the globe
causes of orbital cellulitis
bacteria or fungi
from FB, sinusitis, periodontitis, panophalmitis
signs of orbital cellulitis
*pain upon opening mouth
Exopthalmos, exposure keratitis, prolapse of eyelid/globe.
suppurations inflam (abcess) granulomatous inflam
orbital varix
thin walls, eye bulges when jugular vein is held off
orbital disease can often occur secondary to _____ tumor. Also check the _______ for neoplasia can can be harming the ventral portion of orbit
nasal tumor
inside of the mouth
cellulitis v. neoplasia?
cellulitis is painful when mouth is opened and acute presentation.
exophthalmos and TE elevation often occur with?
orbital neoplasia
Most orbital neoplasms in dogs are primary or secondary?
More common types of tumors include?
primary:
- osteosarcoma, meningioma, fibrosarcoma
(retrobulbar lipoma and lobular orbital adenoma also exist)
Treatment for orbital tumors?
surgical removal or debulking with adjunctive radiation therapy
Cats are more likely to get primary or secondary orbital tumors?
More common types of tumors include?
secondary: (71%)
- squamous cell carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma in cats
(most common orbital tumor in cats) need very wide margins, often need to remove the globe. (even after cryotherapy and radiation treatment )
(goldens especially)
extraocular polymyositis
swelling of extraocular muscles
treat with systemic anti-inflamatories
masticatory muscle myositis presents as?
exopthalmos and TE elevation, pain on opening mouth, treat with systemic anti-inflammatories
proptosed globe is usually caused by
trauma (brachycephalic breeds more likely)
often perform a __________ in dogs likely to get proptosed globe.
medial canthoplasty
also helps with nasal fold rubbing
What should you do with a proptosed globe?
- check PLR (they are often nonvisual)
- protect the cornea!
- evaluate overall health (because usually traumatic it is very likely there are other concerns)
- sx - latheral canthotomy and tarsorrhaphy
how to diagnose masticatory muscle myositis
on histology : eosinophilic infiltration and type 2myofiber AG-AB complex
what muscle is most frequently ruptured during proptosis ?
medial rectus
T/F
most dogs regain vision after proptosis
false
