Orbit and Eye

Question 1

Which bones are present in the orbit?

Answer 1

Maxillary 
Zygomatic 
Frontal 
Lacrimal 
Ethmoid 
Sphenoid

Question 2

Which three bones have an “orbital plate”?

Answer 2

Frontal
Maxillary
Zygomatic

Question 3

What are the components of the eyelids?

Answer 3

Tarsal plate with glands
Obicularis oculi
Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 4

What is the tarsal plate?

Answer 4

Thickened plate of connective tissue containing glands

Question 5

To which group of muscles do obicularis oculi belong?

Answer 5

Muscles of facial expression

Question 6

What is the function of obicularis oculi?

Answer 6

Circular muscles surrounding the eye

Allow you to close your eyes

Question 7

What is the innervation of obicularis oculi?

Answer 7

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 8

To which group of muscles does elevator palpebrae superioris belong?

Answer 8

Extraocular muscles

Question 9

What is the function of elevator palpebrae superioris?

Answer 9

Elevator of upper eyelid

Question 10

What is the innervation of elevator palpebrae superioris?

Answer 10

Oculomotor (CN III)

Question 11

What is the tear pathway?

Answer 11

Lacrimal gland 
Across cornea 
Puncta lacrimalia 
Canaliculi 
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct 
Inferior meatus of lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 12

What is the innervation of the lacrimal gland?

Answer 12

Facial nerve (CN VII) 
Parasympathetic

Question 13

Which cranial nerves have a parasympathetic component?

Answer 13

Oculomotor (CN III)
Facial (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)

Question 14

What ar ether three main “functional” layers of the eyeball?

Answer 14

Outer fibrous
Middle vascular pigmented
Inner nervous

Question 15

What are the components of the outer fibrous layer of the eyeball?

Answer 15

Sclera - white

Cornea - transparent

Question 16

What are the components of the middle vascular pigmented layer of the eyeball?

Answer 16

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

Question 17

What are the components of the inner nervous layer of the eyeball?

Answer 17

Retina

Question 18

What are the components of the ciliary body?

Answer 18

Ciliary muscles

Suspensory ligament of lens

Question 19

What is the effect of ciliary muscle relaxation?

Answer 19

Suspensory ligaments pull on lens
Lens thins
Long distance vision

Question 20

What is the effect of ciliary muscle contraction?

Answer 20

Relaxation of suspensory ligaments

Lens fattens

Question 21

What is the normal structure of the lens?

Answer 21

Round, bulbous structure

Question 22

What are the two muscles contained within the iris?

Answer 22

Sphincter pupillae

Dilator pupillae

Question 23

What is the function and innervation of sphincter pupillae?

Answer 23

Constrict pupil (bright light, accommodation) 
Parasympathetic = Oculomotor (CN III)

Question 24

What is the function and innervation of dilator pupillae?

Answer 24

Dilate pupil (dim light, fright) 
Sympathetic control

Question 25

What is the function and innervation of ciliary muscles?

Answer 25

Change the shape of the lens | Oculomotor (CN III)

Question 26

What are the extrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 26

``` Superior rectus Inferir rectus Lateral rectus Medial rectus Inferior oblique Superior oblique ```

Question 27

What is the function of superior rectus?

Answer 27

Elevation | Moves eye up and in

Question 28

What is the function of inferior rectus?

Answer 28

Depression | Moves eye down and in

Question 29

What is the function of lateral rectus?

Answer 29

Abducts eye

Question 30

What is the function of medial rectus?

Answer 30

Adducts eye

Question 31

What is the function of superior oblique?

Answer 31

Moves eye down and out (tramp)

Question 32

What is the function of inferior oblique?

Answer 32

Moves eye up and out

Question 33

What is the innervation of the extrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 33

All = Oculomotor (CN III) Lateral Rectus = Abducent (CN VI) "abducent supplies abductor) Superior Oblique = Trochlear (CN IV) "passes through a trochlear"

Question 34

How do you test medial rectus?

Answer 34

Make patient adduct eye

Question 35

How do you test lateral rectus?

Answer 35

Make patient abduct eye

Question 36

How do you test superior rectus?

Answer 36

Make patient abduct eye then look up

Question 37

How do you test inferior rectus?

Answer 37

Make patient abduct eye then look down

Question 38

How do you test superior oblique?

Answer 38

Make patient adduct eye then look down

Question 39

How do you test inferior oblique?

Answer 39

Make patient adduct eye then look up