Orbital muscles ,fascia and lacrimal apparatus

Question 1

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وبه نستعين
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CNS clincal rev: Dopamine Hypothesis of schizophrenia explain

Answer 1

It appears to be partly related to ↑ dopamine activity in certain neuronal tracts.
(Too much release of dopamine, too many dopamine receptors, or hypersensitivity
of dopamine receptors to dopamine or combination of all mechanisms)

Question 2

Evidences for dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia ?
CNS CLINCAL REVISION

Answer 2

Evidences:
-Most antipsychotics successful in treating schizophrenia are dopamine receptor
antagonists = Their ability to act as antagonists of Dopamine type 2 receptors.
- Cocaine and amphetamines ↑ dopamine activity and can → schizophrenic-like
symptoms

Question 3

Mention layers of Eye ball

Answer 3

3 layers :
Fibrous :- Cornea and sclera and conroscleral junction in between
Vascular : Choroid + Ciliary body + Iris
Nervous : Retina

Question 4

Mention fascia of orbit

Answer 4

Periorbiral fascia = periosteum
____________________________
Bulbar fascia starting from the corneoscleral junction and
surrounds the optic nerve and
leaves an episcleral space for free movement of eye ball and
pierced by extraocular muscles and
Forming Medial and lateral check ligaments and suspensory ligament for eye ball

Question 4

mention structures of eyelid

Answer 4

Skin
superficial fascia containing the palpebral orbicularis oculi
Palpebral fascia = tarasal palates + ligaments
Conjunctiva lining the eye lid reflected to line the sclera till conreoscleral junction froming the superior conjuntival fornix and inferior conjictival fornix

Question 5

palpebral part of orbicularis oculi found in which layer ?

Answer 5

Superficial layer of eye lid

Question 6

Clinical revesion : Hypofunction of this pathway responsible for negative symptoms and cognitive dyfunctions of
schizophrenia.
The 5 A’s of schizophrenia (negative symptoms):
1. Anhedonia
2. Affect (flat)
3. Alogia (poverty of speech)
4. Avolition (apathy)
5. Attention (poor

Answer 6

Mesocortical pathway (VTA to Prefrontal cortex): Inadequate dopaminergic activity.
Responsible for cognitive, executive functions, affect ,and emotions.

Question 7

Mention intrisnic muscles of eye ball

Answer 7

-Ciliary
-Constrictor pupillae
-Dilator pupillae

Question 8

Ciruclar constricror pupillae casue ,,,while radial dilator pupullae casue ….?

Answer 8

Miosis
Mydriassis

Question 9

Extirnsic muscle of eye ball mention

Answer 9

Levator palpebrae supeiroris
4recti
2oblique

Question 10

Mention layers of levator papebrae superiors

Answer 10

superficial lamella
Muller invoulntary

Question 11

Mention layers of levator papebrae superiors

Answer 11

superficial lamella
Muller invoulntary
arises just anterior to optic canal to be inserted in 3 areas:
skin upper eyelid - tarasal plate - superior conjinctival fornix

Question 12

Mention nerve supply of levator palpebrae superioes

Answer 12

Occulumotr CN3 + Sympathatic for Mullers muscles

Question 13

4 recti enter orbit through ?

Answer 13

Annulus of zinn
Common Tendinuous Ring !
to be inserted in corneoscleral junction ( sclera infront of equator plane of eye ball )

Question 14

Nerve supply of Extraocular muscles

Answer 14

SO4 LR6 otherwise 3
Superior oblique By Trochlear nerve
Lateral rectus by abucent
other wise by occlumotor !

Question 15

Superior oblique aresie from ……… of orbit just ,,,,,,,, to optic canal

Answer 15

Roof of orbit just superomedially to optic canal

Question 16

Inferior oblique arese from the ,,, of orbit just,,,, to lacrimal groove
note that lacrimal goove is in medial orbit !

Answer 16

Floor lateral to lacrimal groove

Question 17

Both of oblique muscles are inserted in ?

Answer 17

Sclera behind the euqator plane of eye ball

Question 18

Compare between Superior recuts and superior oblique action

Answer 18

Superior rectus Elevation , adduction and introsion
Superior oblique depression abduction … intorsion

Question 19

Compare between Inferior Rectus and Inferior Oblique action

Answer 19

Inferior rectus : depression abduction and extorsion
Inferior oblique :

Question 20

Compare between Inferior Rectus and Inferior Oblique action

Answer 20

Inferior rectus : depression abduction and extorsion
Inferior oblique :elevation adduction and extorsion

Question 21

Lacrimal apparratus show

Answer 21

Structures concenerd in Sceretion and Draining of Tears :-
Lacrimal gland
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal duct
nasolacrimal duct

Question 22

Show path ot tears from my eye tears of my fears !

Answer 22

From lacrimal gland , the tears secreted then pass medially to Lacrimal punctum to The lacrimal caliculi then to the lacrimal duct to nasolacrimal duct to infreiro meatrus in the lateral wall of nose

Question 23

mention nerve supply of the Lacrimal gland

Answer 23

Lacrimal of opthalmic of trigeminal nerve
Sensory and secretomotor fibers from Special lacrimatory nucleus

Question 24

mention nerve supply of the Lacrimal gland

Answer 24

Lacrimal of opthalmic of trigeminal nerve Sensory and secretomotor fibers from Special lacrimatory nucleus

Question 25

Secretomotor fibers of lacrimal gland comes from ?

Answer 25

Special lacrimatory nucleus in Lower Pons

Question 26

Describe secretomotor innervation of lacrimal gland

Answer 26

From Special Lacrimatory Nucleus in Pons To Facial nerve then Greater petrosal joined with deep petrosal forming nerve to Ptetgoid canal relying on Pterygopalatine ganglion then zygomatiic of Maxillaty then Zygomatictemporal giving a branch paraymp to lacrimal of the opthalmic which is secretomotor !

Question 27

الحمدلله رب العالمين