Org Behavior Chapter 8

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior.

Question 2

Content Theories of Motivation

Answer 2

Identify internal factors influencing motivation.

Question 3

Process Theories of Motivation

Answer 3

Identify the process by which internal factors and cognitions influence motivation.

Question 4

Need

Answer 4

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior

Question 5

Need Hierarchy Theory

Answer 5

Five basic needs - physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization - influence behavior.

Question 6

ERG Theory

Answer 6

Three basic needs - existence, relatedness, and growth - influence behavior.

Question 7

Need for Achievement

Answer 7

Desire to accomplish something difficult.

Question 8

Need for Affiliation

Answer 8

Desire to spend time in social relationships and activities

Question 9

Need for Power

Answer 9

Desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve

Question 10

Motivators

Answer 10

Job characteristics associated with job satisfaction.

Question 11

Hygiene Factors

Answer 11

Job characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction

Question 12

Equity Theory

Answer 12

Holds that motivation is a function of fairness in social exchanges.

Question 13

Negative Inequity

Answer 13

Comparison in which another person receives greater outcomes for similar inputs.

Question 14

Positive Inequity

Answer 14

Comparison in which another person receives lesser outcomes for similar inputs.

Question 15

Distributive Justice

Answer 15

The perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed.

Question 16

Procedural Justice

Answer 16

The perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions

Question 17

Interactional Justice

Answer 17

Extent to which people feel fairly treated when procedures are implemented.

Question 18

Expectancy Theory

Answer 18

Holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce valued outcomes

Question 19

Expectancy

Answer 19

Belief that effort leads to a specific level of performance

Question 20

Instrumentality

Answer 20

A performance outcome perception.

Question 21

Valence

Answer 21

The value of a reward or outcome.

Question 22

Goal

Answer 22

What an individual is trying to accomplish.

Question 23

Goal Specificity

Answer 23

Quantifiability of a goal.

Question 24

Action Plan

Answer 24

Activities or tasks to be accomplished to obtain a goal.

Question 25

Goal Commitment

Answer 25

Amount of commitment to achieving a goal.

Question 26

Job Design

Answer 26

Changing the content or process of a specific job to increase job satisfaction and performance.

Question 27

Scientific Management

Answer 27

Using research and experimentation to find the most efficient way to perform a job

Question 28

Job Enlargement

Answer 28

Putting more variety into a job

Question 29

Job Rotation

Answer 29

Moving employees from one specialized job to another.

Question 30

Job Enrichment

Answer 30

Building achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement into a job.

Question 31

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 31

Motivation caused by positive internal feelings.

Question 32

Core Job Dimensions

Answer 32

Job characteristics found to various degrees in all jobs

Question 33

Job Crafting

Answer 33

Proactive and adaptive employee behavior aimed at changing the nature of one’s job

Question 34

Idiosyncratic Deals (I-deals)

Answer 34

Process by which employees and managers negotiate tasks completed by employees