ORG CHEM (ACT 8- QUALITATIVE TEST FOR ORGANIC COMPOUND) FINALS Flashcards
(25 cards)
Organic compound may contain this elements:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHONPS)
• Generally can be detected by heating
• The evolution of combustible gasses or charring of both indicate the presence of ____
Carbon
The formation of H2O is detected by the appearance of droplets on the cooler part of the ignition tube or by its effect on anhydrous copper sulfate, the latter changing to the blue CuSO4• 5H2O.
Hydrogen
4 Unique Properties of Carbon
(1)Tetravalent, (2) Catenation : self linking from long chain,(3) Non-ionic compound formation, (4) Covalent bond formation
4 Properties of Hydrogen
(1) Standard Temperature, (2) Standard Pressure,
(3) Non-toxic,Non-metallic, Odorless, Tasteless, Colorless (4) Highly Combustible Diatomic Gas (H2)
• The most common test in Oxygen involves the use of____
• paper that has been soaked in a solution of complex ferric hexathio cyanato ferriate.
Ferrox Paper
is used in elemental analysis for the qualitative determination of the presence of foreign elements, namely halogens, nitrogen, and sulphur, in an organic compound.
It was developed by J.L.Lassaigne.
Lassaigne (Sodium Fusion) Test
Properties Of Oxygen
Standard Pressure, Colorless, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas (O2), Member of the chalcogen group, Highly reactive nonmetallic element; Slightly soluble in water; Poor Conductor of heat and electricity
• Colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions
• usedto make fertilisers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives.
Properties of Nitrogen
• Ca(OH)2
• “Slaked lime” “Hydrated lime”
• Colorless rhombic, trigonal crystals or white powder; odorless; Slightly butter alkaline taste
• slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, soluble in glyvol
Calcium Hydroxide, Saturated
Ba(OH)2 or BaH2O2
• White powder or colorless monoclinic crystals; Odorless; Insoluble in acetone.
• Use as Plastic additive and fuel additive.
Barium Hydroxide
CuSO4
• “Blue stone”
• rhombic crystals; pleasant
odor; Very soluble in hot water but soluble in cold water.
• Elemental use in copper deficiency; mgt of cramps, disturbances of renal function, peripheral, rheumatic dse.
Anhydrous Copper Sulfate
CuO
• an inorganic compound; used as a precursor in manycopper-containing products such as wood preservatives and ceramics
•may be found in over-the-counter vitamin-mineral supplements.
• poses potential health and environmental concern due to toxic and mutagenic particles
generating reactive oxygen species.
Copper Oxide
Na
• “Natrium”
• Silvery soft metal that becomes grayish upon exposure to air. Very reactive metal; cubic structure,light, soft, ductile, malleable
• Excellent electrical conductivity
Sodium Metal
(CH3COO)2Pb
• “Sugar of lead” “Plumbous acetate”
• White to gray crystalline solid. • Denser thanwater.
• Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
• May be toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption.
• Used in dyes, waterproofing, insecticides,
antifouling paints, hair dyes and many
other processes
Lead Acetate, 10% Sol’n
C5FeN6Na2O
• “Nitropruss”
• thedisodiumsalt of nitroprusside.
•It has a role as anitric oxidedonor and a vasodilator agent.
Sodium Nitroprusside Sol’n 0.1%
AgNO3
• “Argenti nitras”
• an inorganic chemical with antiseptic activity.
•can potentially be used as a cauterizing or sclerosing agent.
• appears as a colorless or white crystalline solid becoming black on exposure to light or organic material.
• often used as a precursor to othersilver-containing compounds. It is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein
visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy
Silver Nitrate, 1% Sol’n
Cu
• “cuprum” “cobre”
• an essential trace element that is included in some over-the-counter multivitamin and mineral supplements
• Reddish lustrous malleable odorless metallic solid
Copper Wire
CH3COOH
• “ethanoic acid” “Glacial acetic acid” “Vinegar”
• a simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. It has a role as a protic solvent, a food acidity regulator, an antimicrobial food preservative.
• a clear colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar.
• Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used to make other chemicals, as a food additive, and in petroleum production.
Acetic Acid, 6N
HCl
• “Muriatic acid” “Spirits of salt”
• a colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor.
• Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved inwater.
• Sinks and mixes withwater. Produces irritating vapor.
Hydrochloric Acid, 6N
H2SO4
• “Oil of Vitriol” “Battery acid” “Brown Vitriol”
• a colorless oily liquid. Corrosive to metals
and tissue; oluble inwater with release of heat; corrosive to metals and tissue
Sulfuric Acid, 6N
SiO2
• Silicon dioxide “Cristobalite” “Flintshot”
• three main crystalline varieties: quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite.
• Transparent to gray, odorless powder.
• Irritating to the skin and eyes on contact.
•Inhalation will cause irritation in the respiratory tract.
[Note: Amorphous silica is
the non-crystalline form of SiO2.]
Glass Wool
HNO3
• red fuming appears as a pale yellow to reddish brown liquid generating red-brown fumes and having a suffocating odor.
• Very toxic by inhalation.
• Corrosive to metals or tissue. • Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health effects.
• Colorless, yellow, or red, fuming liquid with an acrid,
suffocating odor.
Nitric Acid, 6N
NaOH
• “Soda lime” “Caustic soda” “Soda lye”
• appears as a colorless liquid; more dense thanwater.
• Contact may severely irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes; toxic by ingestion; corrosive to metals and tissue
• appears as a white solid; corrosive to metals and tissue.
• Used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum
refining, cleaning compounds, drain cleaners.
Sodium Hydroxide
