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Biology 3rd Partial > Organ systems > Flashcards

Organ systems Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Delivers nutrients and removes waste from our body

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

components of the cardiovascular system

A

blood, heart and vessels

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3
Q

connctive tissue made up by cellular elements , including, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets and an extracellular matrix called plasma

A

blood

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4
Q

Transports nutrients (O2, hormones CO2), defends (with leukocytes- white blood cells-, maintaiins homoestasis

A

Cardiovascular system

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5
Q

Vast number of erythrocytes, fewer leukocytes and platelets; PLASMA, BUFFY COAT, HERMATOCRIT

A

blood composition

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6
Q

Has the capability of generating its own electrical impulse followed by contraction of the cells

A

Heart conduction

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7
Q

in the heart, ______ allow blood to enter; ________ allow it to leave

A

veins

arteries

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8
Q

VESSEL: Carries blood away from the heart, where it branches into ever-smaller vessels

A

Arterie

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9
Q

VESSEL: Where nutrients and wastes are exchanged

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

VESSEL: Returns blood to the heart

A

Vein

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11
Q

Movement of blood through a vessel, tissue or organ, initiated by the contraction of the ventricles

A

Blood flow

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12
Q

The force exerted by blood upon the walls of the blood vessels or the chambers of the heart circulation
mm Hg

A

Blood pressure

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13
Q

The higher value of 120 mm Hg; arterial pressure resulting from the ejection of blood during ventricular contraction

A

Systolic pressure

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14
Q

The lower value of 80 mm Hg; arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation

A

Diastolic pressure

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15
Q

Expansion and recoliling effect or arteries after blood and ejected from the heart

A

Pulse

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16
Q

Heaviest element of the blood containg erythrocytes

A

Hermatocrit

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17
Q

the ___________ muscle provides voluntary and involutary movements

A

muscle

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18
Q

Valve that prevents blood from going back to the left atrium

A

Mitral

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19
Q

Tissue made up cells that makes up the immune system

A

Lymph

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20
Q

Breaks down food into nutrients which then are released into the circulatory system and absorbed those nutrients into the body.

A

Digestive system

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21
Q

Ingest food
Break down food into nutrient molecules
Absorb molecules into the bloodstream
Rid the indigestible remains of the body
are the functiond of the _________ system

A

Digestive

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22
Q

Organ that Ingests food, chews and mix food breaking it down into pieces. mixes food with saliva which moistens and dissolves food supported by amylase (enzyme), begins chemical breakedown of carbohydrates and moves food into the pharynx.

A

mouth

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23
Q

Four types of teeth

A

Incisors, canines, pre-molars, molars

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24
Q

Tastes food: Bitter, Salt, Sour, Sweet, Umami

A

Tongue

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25
Closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it.
Epiglotis
26
Propels food from the oral cavity to the esophagus. Lubricates food and passageways.
Pharynx
27
Propels food to the stomach. | Lubricates food and passageways.
Esophagus
28
``` Mixes and churns food with gastric juices to form chyme. Begins chemical breakedown of proteins. Releases food into small intestine as chyme. ```
Stomach
29
Mixes chyme with digestive juices. Absorbsproteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, along with vitamins, minerals, and water breakedown products of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, along with vitamins, minerals, and water. Perform physical digestion via segmentation.
Small intestine
30
Breaks down food residues Absorbs most residual water, electrolytes and vitamins Propels feces toward rectum Eliminates feces
Large Intestine
31
Refers to the entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth.
Ingestion
32
The movement of food through the digestive tract. It includes both the voluntary process of swallowing and the involuntary process of peristalsis.
propulsion
33
Start in the mouth. Digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building. ▪ Digestive secretions: water, enzymes, acids and salts. ▪ The process is completed in the small intestine.
Chemical Digestion
34
CHEMICAL DIGESTION :The _________ mixes the bolus with | gastric juice, now called _________ leaves the stomache and passes through the pyloric sphincter to the small intestine
stomach | chime
35
Takes place within the small intestine, where nutrients from food enter the bloodstram and are put to work.
Absorption
36
Undigested material are removed | from the body as feces.
Defecation
37
``` Receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery (heart) and nutrient-rich deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein (small intestine). After processing the bloodborne nutrients and toxins, the liver releases nutrients needed by other cells back into the blood. ```
Liver
38
Produces "juice" to serves to buffer the acidic gastric juice in chyme, inactivate pepsin from the stomach, and create an optimal environment for the activity of pH-sensitive digestive enzymes in the small intestine.
Pancreas
39
Pancreatic Enzymes ______ _______ _______ are active in the digestion of sugars, proteins, and fats.
insulin, amylase, lipase
40
Stores and concentrates bile secreted by the liver, and releases it when it is needed by the small intestine.
Gallbladder
41
is important for fat | digestion
bile
42
breaks down fat molecules into fatty acids and monoglycerids
Lipase
43
reduces starches to simple carbohydrates.
Amylase
44
breaks up proteins into short chain aminoacids.
Trypsin
45
starts to digest proteins in the stomach.
Pepsine
46
moistens food, helping to break it up lubricate its passage through the digestive system.
Salivary Glands
47
Upper senction of the small intestine
Duodenum
48
Transports absorbed fatty acids to the bloodstream
Lyphatic Vessel
49
Opening through which wastes are eliminated
Anus
50
Produces hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Perietal Cell
51
tiny, fingerlike projection in the wall of the small intestine. The small intestine contains millions; increases food absorption
Vilius (vili)
52
include structures that produce and conduct urine to the point of excretion.
urinary system
53
removal of waste material from the blood plasma and the disposal of this waste in the urine
Excretion | Urinary System
54
removal of waste from other organ systems.
Elimination | Urinary system
55
undigested food , water , salt , drugs.
- From digestive system –
56
CO , H+ , water , toxins.
- From respiratory system –
57
water, NaCl , nitrogenous wastes (urea , uric acid, ammonia ,creatinine).
From skin
58
Pair of bean – shaped organs responsible for blood filtering and urine formation.
Kidneys
59
Layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the kidneys
Renal Capsule
60
Region of the kidneys where most nephrones are located
Renal Cortex
61
Inner region of the kidneys where part of the nephrones is located, also where urine is collected to be excreted outward
Renal Medulla
62
Duct – like sections of renal medulla for collecting urine from nephrons and direct urine into renal pelvis.
Renal Calyx
63
Central urine collecting area of renal medulla.
Renal Pelvis
64
Tubule that transport urine (mainly by peristalsis) from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Ureter
65
Spherical storage organ that contains up to 400 ml of urine.
Urinary Bladder
66
Tubule that excretes urine out of the urinary bladder to the outside, through the urethral orifice
Urethra
67
Compositon of urine
Water (90-95%) | Solids (organic and inorganic) 5-10%
68
Hormone secreted by the posterior pituirary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water.
ADH | Antidiuretic hormone
69
the basic unit of structure in the kidney. A nephron is used separate to water, ions and small molecules from the blood, filter out wastes and toxins, and return needed molecules to the blood.
Nephron
70
__________ hormone acts to maintain blood pressure, blood volume and tissue water content by controlling the amount of water
Antidiuretic
71
stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled
Bladder
72
mainly made of water, salt, electrolytes such as potassium and phosphorus, and chemicals called urea and uric acid.
Urine
73
lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs or the skeleton embedded in it
Pelvis
74
If the kidneys fail, a treatment called _______is required to perform the function of said organs
dialysis

Biology 3rd Partial (4 decks)

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