Organ Systems (Hocking Sept 8)

Question 1

Skeletal system: functions

Answer 1

Support and protect organs and soft tissues, locomotion, produce blood cell, stores minerals

Question 2

Skeletal system: components

Answer 2

Axial and appendicular skeletons,

Bones, cartilages & joints, bone marrow

Question 3

Muscular system: components

Answer 3

~640 skeletal muscles organized in
groups & compartments, tendons,
aponeuroses, voluntary sphincters

Question 4

Muscular system: functions

Answer 4

Produce movement at joints,
protect organs, respiration,
posture, control of orifices, generation of heat

Question 5

Cardiovascular system: components

Answer 5

Heart, arteries & veins, arterioles, venuoles & capillaries. Pulmonary and systemic circulations

Question 6

Cardiovascular system: functions

Answer 6

Carry O2 & nutrients to cells
& tissues, carry CO2 & waste
products away, provide immune cells, temperature regulation, maintain blood pressure

Question 7

Lymphatic system: components

Answer 7

Lymph nodes & tonsils, lymphatic vessels, spleen, and thymus

Question 8

Lymphatic system: functions

Answer 8

Transport lymph (proteins,
H2O & lipids), defense 
against pathogens. Circulation
& modification of tissue fluid,
storage and filtering of blood

Question 9

Endocrine system: components

Answer 9

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenals,
pancreas, ovaries & testes

Question 10

Endocrine system: functions

Answer 10

Regulate bodily functions
through hormones released
directly into bloodstream

Question 11

Respiratory system: components

Answer 11

Nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses,

pharynx & larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, & alveoli, and diaphragm

Question 12

Respiratory system: functions

Answer 12

Transfer O2 from inhaled air
to blood and CO2 from blood
to exhaled air, help with 
acid-base balance & voice
production (phonation)

Question 13

Digestive system: components

Answer 13

Gastrointestinal tract & associated
glands (salivary, liver, gall bladder,
pancreas)
–oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum, anal canal

Question 14

Digestive system: functions

Answer 14

Physical & chemical breakdown of food,
absorption of nutrients into blood stream
& lymph, elimination of waste products.
Immune functions

Question 15

Urinary System: components

Answer 15

Kidneys, ureters, urinary

bladder and urethra

Question 16

Urinary system: functions

Answer 16

Production, storage & elimination of urine,
regulation of volume & composition of
blood, maintenance of pH and electrolyte balance, regulation of blood pressure

Question 17

Reproductive system: functions

Answer 17

Spermatogenesis, oogenesis, copulation,
conception, embryonic & fetal development,
hormonal regulation of reproduction

Question 18

Reproductive system: components

Answer 18

male: testes, vas deferens, epididymis,
associated glands, urethra, penis
female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, cervix, vulva, mammary glands

Question 19

Nervous system: components

Answer 19

CNS: brain and spinal cord
PNS: peripheral nerves & ganglia,
Neurons and glia

Question 20

Nervous system: functions

Answer 20

• generate action potentials (nerve impulses),
• sensory systems (touch, taste, smell, hearing, proprioception, vision)
• movement
• autonomic control over organs
• higher functions (learning, language, personality, consciousness)

Question 21

Integumentary system components

Answer 21

Skin and associated structures: nails,
hair follicles, sweat & sebaceous 
glands, mammary glands, sensory 
receptors (pain, temperature, touch,
pressure, etc.)

Question 22

Integumentary system functions

Answer 22

Barrier against environmental, physical
& chemical hazards & pathogens, H20
proof, temperature regulation, sense
changes in environment, storage of fat,
vitamin D synthesis, pigmentation