Organelles Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a metabolic compartment?
a separate place where the chemical processes of that cell occur
What is the ultrastructure of a cell?
each cell type having an internal structure that suits its job
Outline the different parts of a nucleus?
- the nuclear envelope
- Nuclear pores
- Nucleoplasm
- Chromosomes
- Nucleolus
What does the nuclear envelope do?
Also describe it’s structure
it is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. its outer membrane is continuous which the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell . it controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains reactions taking place within it
What does the nuclear pores do?
they allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus
What is the nucleolus?
a small spherical region within the nucleoplasm. It manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes.
What are the functions of the nucleus?
- act as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA and hence protein synthesis
- retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA and chromosomes
- manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
Draw and label the nucleus
How is DNA stored in the nucleus?
within the nucleus, DNA is tightly packaged through association with histone proteins, forming chromatin
What is the diagram for a mitochondria?
What does the double membrane of the mitochondria do
it controls the entry and exist of material.
What is the cristae and what does it do?
they are extensions of the inner membrane, which are folded, and provide a arge surface for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
What is the matrix and what does it do?
it makes up the remainder of the mitrochondrion. It contains protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA that allows the mitochondria to control the production of some their own proteins. Many enzymes involved in respiration are found int he matrix
What is the job of the mitochondria?
To release the energy in glucose during aerobic respiration
ATP production
How is the mitrochondrian adapted to cells that have a high level of metabolic activity.
the number an size of the mitochondria, and the number of their cristae are high
this is because they need to supply and plentiful amount of ATP
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + water ( + energy)
Why is the plant cell wall relatively rigid and able to provide support for the cell?
Because, it mainly consists of bundles of long, straight cellulose molecules. The cellulose molecules lay side by side to form micro fibrils.
What is ATP and what is it’s significance in respiration?
Adenosine triphosphate. Energy released by respiration ends up in the molecules if ATP. This is used in the cell to provide the enrgy for muscle contraction, active transport and building large molecules from small ones.
What is the job of the chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis. Uses light energy to produce carbohydrates, starch, glucose, sugars and ATP
Draw and label the chloroplast
What does the chloroplast envelope do?
it is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle. it is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast
What are the grana?
sacks of up to 100 thylakoids and is where the first stage of photosynthesis takes place
What are thylakoids?
disc-like structures that have chlorophyll within them.
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana
What is the stroma?
a fluid-filled matrix where trhe second stage of photosynthesis (synthesis of sugar) takes place.
Within the stroma are a number of other structures, such as starch grains
