Organelles

Question 1

a Dutch naturalist and craftsman, is known to have made over 500 microscopes.

Answer 1

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723),

Question 2

proposed that all plants are made up of cells.

Answer 2

Mathias Schleiden

Question 3

observed and proposed that all animals are also made up of cells.

Answer 3

Theodor Schwann

Question 4

The term cell was first introduced in 1665

Answer 4

Robert Hooke

Question 5

identified a darkly staining structure at the center of every cell he observed. He referred to such structure as the nucleus.

Answer 5

Robert Brown

Question 6

All cells are composed of a living substance called the protoplasm

Answer 6

Cell Structure and Organization

Question 7

Also known as plasma membrane or plasmalemma. This is a double-layered membrane that encloses the cell.

Answer 7

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 8

is an additional boundary. The __ of plant is a very tough substance made up of cellulose, which provides support and protection to the cell from injury.

Answer 8

CELL WALL

Question 9

Inside the cell membrane and surrounding the nucleus is a part of the protoplasm.
Site where cellular processes occur

Answer 9

CYTOPLASM

Question 10

darkly staining part of the protoplasm enclosed by a membrane called nuclear membrane or nuclear envelop
Dona storage and transfer of genetic materials

Answer 10

NUCLEUS

Question 11

small, double-membrane, spherical or sausages haped organelles involved in the production of energy.

Answer 11

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 12

Are double-membrane organelles found in plant cells, some protozoans, and bacteria. It is involved in the manufacture of food (photosynthesis).

Answer 12

PLASTIDS

Question 13

Are small granular structures made up of RNA and proteins.
protein photosynthesis

Answer 13

RIBOSOMES

Question 14

is a membranous structure forming a network of canals where proteins and other molecules are being transported.

Answer 14

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 15

This is another membranous organelle forming a structure of a stack of flattened sacs located very close to the endoplasmic reticulum. It looks like a maze with water droplets splashing off it.

Answer 15

GOLGI APPARATUS OR GOLGI COMPLEX

Question 16

lack a true nucleus while eukaryotes possess a true nucleus. __ contain genetic material (DNA) arranged in a single circular structure found in the nucleoid region they lack membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 16

PROKARYOTES

Question 17

Different Types of Cells in the body

Answer 17

STEM CELL
BLOOD CELLS
FAT CELLS
SKIN CELLS
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
NERVE CELLS
SEX CELLS
CANCER CELLS

Question 18

Unique cells of the body, they have the ability to develop into specialized cells for specific organs or to develop into tissues.

Answer 18

STEM CELLS

Question 19

transporting oxygen throughout the body to fighting infection, cells of the blood are vital to life.

Answer 19

BLOOD CELLS

Question 20

Also called adipocytes, are the major cell component of adipose tissue. Adipocytes contain droplets of stored fat (triglycerides) that can be used for energy.

Answer 20

FAT CELLS

Question 21

composed of a layer of epithelial tissue (epidermis) that is supported by a layer of connective tissue (dermis) and an underlying subcutaneous layer.

Answer 21

SKIN CELLS

Question 22

forms the inner lining of cardiovascular system and lymphatic system structures. These cells make up the inner layer of blood vessels.

Answer 22

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Question 23

neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. __ send signals among the brain, spinal cord, and other body organs via nerve impulses.

Answer 23

NERVE CELLS

Question 24

reproductive cells are also called gametes.

Answer 24

SEX CELLS

Question 25

results from the development of abnormal properties in normal cells that enable them to divide uncontrollably and spread to other locations.

Answer 25

CANCER CELLS

Question 26

results in the production of daughter cells containing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Answer 26

MEIOSIS

Question 27

Cell Cycle

Answer 27

MITOSIS MEIOSIS

Question 28

a type of cell division in which the nucleus of the cell divides into two nuclei with identical genetic material.

Answer 28

MITOSIS

Question 29

Major events during the interphase:

Answer 29

G1 (Growth 1) Phase S (Synthesis) Phase G2 (Growth 2) Phase

Question 30

cell cycle at this stage is still young and it undergoes rapid growth

Answer 30

G1 (Growth 1) Phase

Question 31

The DNA, the main composition of the chromosomes inside the nucleus of the cell, doubles at this stage by a process called replication

Answer 31

S (Synthesis) Phase

Question 32

Preparations for cell division

Answer 32

G2 (Growth 2) Phase

Question 33

4 Stages of Mitosis

Answer 33

PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE

Question 34

long and thread-like chromatids during the interphase start to coil at this stage and become visible under a compound microscope as individual chromosomes.

Answer 34

PROPHASE

Question 35

Chromosomes move and align themselves at the center of the cell called *__ plate*.

Answer 35

METAPHASE

Question 36

sister chromatids of each chromosome divide and move toward opposite poles due to the shortening of the spindle fibers.

Answer 36

ANAPHASE

Question 37

chromatids (now called chromosomes) are located on opposite poles.

Answer 37

TELOPHASE

Question 38

**Meiosis** is the main event involved in the process of gamete formation called *gametogenesis*.

Question 39

gamete formation in females is called __.

Answer 39

oogenesis

Question 40

Gamete formation in males is called __

Answer 40

spermatogenesis

Question 41

If meiosis does not occur properly, an egg or sperm could end up with too many chromosomes, or not enough chromosomes. Upon fertilization, the baby could then receive an extra chromosome (( **TRISOMY**), or have a missing chromosome (**MONOSOMY**).

Question 42

Multicellular unit of life or fundamental unit of life

Answer 42

Cell

Question 43

States that all organism are composed of cell

Answer 43

Cell theory

Question 44

One of the basic principle of Biology

Answer 44

Cell theory

Question 45

Cell in plants only

Answer 45

Cell wall Chloroplast Central vacuole

Question 46

Cell in animal only

Answer 46

Lysosome Centrosome

Question 47

3 types based on the membrane

Answer 47

Organelles without membrane Single-layer membrane organelles Two fold layer membrane organelles

Question 48

Organelles without membrane

Answer 48

Cell wall Ribosomes Cytoskeleton

Question 49

Are non-membrane cell organelles . They are both present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 49

Organelles without membrane

Question 50

Single layer membrane organelles

Answer 50

Vacuoles Golgi-apparatus Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 51

Two fold membrane organelles

Answer 51

Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplast

Question 52

Covered via 2 layers

Answer 52

Two fold membrane organelles

Question 53

All these membrane are cover via one layer

Answer 53

Single layer membrane organelles