Organelles

Question 1

• Contains Genetic material (DNA)
• Site of transcription (mRNA synthesis)
• Surrounded by the nuclear membrane with pores for material exchange

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

• Powerhouse of the cell.
• Site of ATP production via cellular respiration.
• Contains its own DNA and ribosomes, suggesting an evolutionary link to prokaryotes.
• Has an outer and inner membrane; the inner membrane is folded into cristae for maximizing surface area for ATP synthesis.

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

• Involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
• Lacks ribosomes, unlike rough ER.

Answer 3

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 4

• Site of protein synthesis
• Can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
• Composed of rRNA and proteins.

Answer 4

Ribosomes

Question 5

• Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use
• Works closely with the ER to transport materials in vesicles.

Answer 5

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

• Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste and cellular debris
• Important for autophagy and apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Answer 6

Lysosomes

Question 7

• Storage organelles that can contain water, nutrients, or waste products
• In plant cells, the central vacuole maintains turgor pressure.

Answer 7

Vacuoles