Organelles Flashcards
(39 cards)
Why does the nuclear envelope have pores
It allows material to move in and out of the nucleus
Nucleus
Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA
What is the nucleolus and what starts there?
- A small, dense region
* The assembly of ribosomes begin
What do ribosomes do
Makes proteins
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
Internal membrane system
What portion of the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in making proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do
Contains collections of enzymes that preform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs
What does the Golgi apparatus do
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
What happens to the proteins after the Golgi apparatus
Proteins are “shipped” to their final destination
What is the function of a lysosome
Digestion, or breakdown, of lipids, carbs, and proteins
What do vacuoles do
Store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbs
Why do plant cells have large central vacuoles filled with liquid
Makes it possible for plants to support heavy structures
What are mitochondria
Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Describe the mitochondria
They are enclosed by two membranes an outer membrane and in inner membrane
What are chloroplasts
Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
What is the cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape
What does the cell membrane do
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support
What is the composition of the cell membrane
Double-biayered sheet called a lipid layer
What is the function of the cell wall
To provide support and protection for the cell
What are most cell walls made of
Fibers of carbohydrate and protein
What are plant cell walls made of
Cellulose , a tough carbohydrate fiber
What are the three types of active transport
endocytosis, Exocytosis, molecular transport
What is molecular transport
Small molecules and ions are carried across the cell membrane via proteins that require energy to work
What is endocytosis
When large molecules are in folded in cellular membrane and brought into the cell
