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Core Chemistry 1 > Organic 1 > Flashcards

Organic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Conjugated System

A

a system of coplanar, overlapping (adjacent) π orbitals

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2
Q

Brønsted definition

A

Acid: proton donor
Base: proton acceptor

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3
Q

Lewis definition

A

Acid: lone pair acceptor
Base: lone pair donor

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4
Q

R-stereochemistry

A

clockwise movement of priority groups

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5
Q

S-stereochemistry

A

anti-clockwise movement of priority groups

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6
Q

Chiral centre

A

geometric property of a rigid molecule of being non-superimposable on its mirror image

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7
Q

Pro-chiral

A

when a molecule can have its mirror plane broken to create a chiral centre in a single step

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8
Q

Constitutional isomers

A

same atoms, but different connectivities

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9
Q

Configurational isomers

A

molecules have identical constitution but they have different configurations (spatial arrangements)

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10
Q

Enantiomers

A
  • have opposite absolute configurations
  • same chemical properties towards achiral reagents
  • same physical properties in achiral environments
  • rotate plane of polaries light in opposite directions to the same extent
  • react differently to other chiral species
  • can be separated by resolution
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11
Q

Diastereoisomers

A
  • May be chiral or achiral
  • Differ at one or more but not all chiral centres
  • they have different chemical and physical properties
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12
Q

Conformational isomers

A

they have the same bond connectivity and configuration but different spatial arrangements of atoms

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13
Q

Factors that affect acidity and basicity

A
  • the strength of the H-A bond
  • the stability of the conjugate base
  • the solvent/ solvation effects
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14
Q

What are requirements for efficient reactions?

A
  • similar energies of key orbitals (high energy Nu HOMO/ low energy electrophile LUMO)
  • good alignment (coplanar) of the HOMO-LUMO – efficient orbital overlap
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15
Q

Characteristics of hard nucleophiles and bases

A
  • high charge density
  • low energy HOMO
  • X- is basic
  • Like to attack H+ and C=O

e.g. RO- , NH 2 - RLi

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16
Q

Characteristics of soft nucleophiles and bases

A
  • low charge density
  • high energy HOMO
  • X- is not basic
  • Like to attack sp3 C

e.g. RS-, I-, R 3 P

17
Q

Conditions for organometallic reactions

A
  • low temperature (they’re very reactive)
  • use aprotic solvents (THF) as protic solvents such as water have acidic protons
  • done in a dry, inert atmosphere of nitrogen or argon (very reactive with oxygen)
18
Q

Are organometallics acidic or basic?

A

Very basic

Core Chemistry 1 (9 decks)

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