Organic 30 Flashcards
(18 cards)
carbon compound
What is organic compound?
Organic compound in which carbon atoms are always bonded to each other. hydrogen atoms and a few other atom (O,N,S,P)
Contain covalent bond
what is inorganic compound
They are oxides of carbon, carbonates, cyanides, eg(CO2, CaCO3, NaCn, SiC. no C-C and C-H bond
carbon is unique for two reason
- bond with other carbon atom to form long chains, rings, spheres, tube and sheets etc
- it can form combination of single, double and triple bonds (no other element does this )
How are polar bond form?
Forms when their is uneven pull on e-
How are polar compound form?
Forms when the polar bond bonds within molecule and doesn’t cancel each other out
How can polar compound dissolve in water?
The presence of dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bond will allow polar compound to dissolve in water since its also polar
On- polar compound
Only have LD forces between molecules and will not dissolve in water
What are Isomers?
isomers are compound with the same molecule formula but different structure
points on isomers
- Different structure results in different properties
- The arrangement of atoms determines the type of intermolecular attraction which then determines properties such as boiling point and solubility in water
Example
Draw two isomers of C3H8O. Which one would have a boiling point of. 7.4°C and which would have a boiling point of 82.5°C? Explain why the boiling points are so different.
Ch3-Ch2-CHOH = LD,DD,HB
has Hydrogen bond (O-H) so gives stronger boiling point so its 82.5°C.
CH3 -O - CH2 - CH2- CH3 = LD, DD
No Hydrogen bonding so doesn’t have strong boiling point so its 7.4°C.
a) Complete structural diagram
b) Condense structural diagram
c) Line Structural diagram
a) Show all bond
b) Shows carbon to carbon bond but includes hydrogen attached to the carbon (eg CH3-CH2-CH3
c) shows only carbon to carbon bond
Prefix
Number of functional group
2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra
5= penta 6 =hexa 7= hepta
8= ocata 9 = nona 10= deca
Number of Carbon
1= meth 2 = eth 3= prop
4 = but 5= pent 6 =hex
7= hept 8 = oct 9 = non
10= dec
Alkanes
Formula = CnH2n+2
Hydrocarbon containing only single bond between carbons
( saturated - single bonds)
can be long chains, branches chains, ring structures (cycloalkanes0
Properties of Alkane
- Non polar: Not soluble in water
- Can be solid, liquid or gas depending on number of carbon atoms
- Relatively unreactive because the single bonds are very stable
Uses
- Natural gas, BBQ, Lighter fluid, gasoline etc
- Good for making plastics, Lubricants
Continues chain
Prefix + ANE
branches are called alkyl
eg - methyl, ethyl, propyl
- longest carbon chain then number it so the branches get the lowest number
- name the group first alphabetical order including where the carbon is found the the parent chain
Cycloalkanes
Formula = CnH2n
use the ring structure as the
parent name
cyclo + prefix + ane
- if there are branches, number the carbon so in the ring so the branches get the lowest number possible sequences4
Alkene
formula = CnH2n
