Organic

Question 1

What is the process of fractional distillations

Answer 1

• heated in a furnace, vapours rise up column
• condense at trays (with air bubbles) lower than boiling point
• shorter chains condense higher up
• each fraction contains alkanes of the same length of

Question 2

What are the chemical properties of alkanes?

Answer 2

• unreactive (strong C-C/ C-H)

- combust to form CO2 and H2O but CO if incomplete

Question 3

What is the physical properties of alkanes?

Answer 3

• van der Waals forces only
• shorter chain/ more branches, lower boiling points
• Insoluble in water

Question 4

What are the 3 types of structural isomerism ?

Answer 4

• chain: same functional group, different C arrangement
• position: same C arrangement, different functional group position
• functional group: different functional group

Question 5

Name all functional group?

Answer 5

Alkanes 
Alkenes 
Alcohols: -OH
Aldehydes: CHO
Ketones: -CO
Carboxylic acid: COOH

Question 6

What are the IUPAC rules for nomenclature?

Answer 6

• longer carbon chain
• place alkyl branches/ halogens alphabetically
• keep numbers as low as possible

Question 7

What is a homologous series?

Answer 7

A family of organic compounds that have the same functional group but different numbers of carbons

Question 8

What is structural isomerism?

Answer 8

Same molecular formula, different structure