organic chem Flashcards

Question

carboxylic acid to carboxylic salt recation

Answer 1

substitution

Answer 2

acid, e.g HCl

Answer 3

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Answer 4

have the same molecular formula because they have the same number of atoms of each element but a different structural formula because atom to atom connection is different

Answer 5

caused by different arrangements of carbon skeleton. | similar chemical properties because they have the same functional group and slightly different physical properties

Answer 6

position of the bonds --> when functional groups are moved and placed on different carbon atom in the main chain, the structural formula becomes different

Answer 7

different functional group means these isomers will have different chemical and physical properties

Answer 8

single bonds have free rotation about the axis

Answer 9

requires both carbons in double bonds be bonded by to 2 different atoms or groups

Answer 10

compound with: | the same molecular formula with the same sequence of atoms but different 3D geometry

Answer 11

1. requires a carbon to carbon double bond because the C=C bond restricts rotation 2. each carbon attached to the double bond must have 2 different groups bonded to it 3. there must be a common group on each side of the double bond

Answer 12

where there are only single bonds, carbon-carbon bonds. The atoms do not have a fixed position and can freely move

Answer 13

when one functional group is removed and swapped with another

Answer 14

from saturated to unsaturated by removing the functional group and adjacent C's H atom, a double bond is made

Answer 15

unsaturated

Answer 16

from unsaturated to saturated by joining two molecules. A C=C bond is broken, and single bonds to X and y are formed to each atom

Answer 17

a proton (H+) is donated from one reagent to the other

Answer 18

the organic molecule has gained oxygen

Answer 19

the linking of many small unsaturated monomers combining to from one large polymer without the co-generation of other products

Answer 20

zaitseff rule

Answer 21

(most) secondary alcohols and haloalkanes are asymmetric, i.e, the C atoms either side of the C with the functional group have different numbers of H atoms attached. The major product is formed by the removal of the functional group (eg. -OH or -halogen) and an H atom from the adjacent carbon that has the fewest H's

Answer 22

poor get poorer

Answer 23

when H-X is added to an asymmetric alkene the major product will have the H atom bonding to the C atom, in the double bond, with the greatest number of H atoms already attached. The adjacent C atom (from the double bond) bonds to the X atom.

Answer 24

rich get richer

Answer 25

markovnikov rule

Answer 26

many alkane monomers react together. The C=C breaks leaving a C-C and new covalent bonds form with adjacent molecules forming a polymer. This occurs without the co-generation of other products.

Answer 27

primary, secondary and tertiary

Answer 28

there is one carbon group attached to the carbon atom with the OH- or Cl- or Br-

Answer 29

there are two carbon groups attached to the carbon atom with the OH- or Cl- or Br-

Answer 30

there are three carbon groups attached to the carbon atom with the OH- or Cl- or Br-

Answer 31

the melting and boiling points correlate with the molecular mass, shape, and polarity of the molecules

Answer 32

larger molar mass results in larger intermolecular forces therefore...

Answer 33

there is a greater surface area available for contact, as it has more points for the intermolecular forces to act compared to branched chain molecules

Answer 34

the more polar the molecule, the higher the boiling point

Answer 35

hydrogen bonding

Answer 36

the polar -NH and -OH

Answer 37

molecules able to hydrogen bond are the most polar molecule, therefore soluble

Answer 38

C1-C3 alcohols (-OH), carboxylic acids (-OH), amines (-NH), amides (NH-)

Answer 39

hydrocarbon chain length increases

Answer 40

the more polar a molecule the more soluble it will be

Answer 41

damp red litmus paper --> go blue

Answer 42

damp blue litmus paper --> go red OR carbonate/hydrogen carbonate --> effervescence

Answer 43

bromine water --> orange to colourless quickly OR acidified permanganate --> purple to colourless quickly

Answer 44

acidified dichromate and heat --> orange to green quickly OR acidified permanganate and heat --> purple to colourless quickly

Answer 45

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organic chem Flashcards

(79 cards)