Organic Chem Flashcards

Question

constitutional isomers

Answer 1

have different order of attachment of atoms

Answer 2

not isomers, bonds are rotated into different structures

Answer 3

1. identify longest chain 2. count so that the branch has the lowest number 3. name the branches 2,2 dimetylbutane

Answer 4

diastereoisomers- same connectivity but different positions of groups in space

Answer 5

1. assign priority based on atomic number (C=o counts as two Os). 2. determine if high priority are on the same side yes: Z no: E

Answer 6

E or Z in front, 4-methylpent-2- ene (methyl has lower priority than double bond)

Answer 7

3-chloropentene | start counting at double bond, lowest number for Cl (or whatever sticks off)

Answer 8

rotations, requires little energy (not like breaking bonds) can be eclipsed (line up) or staggered more repulsion if eclipsed, staggered is more stable

Answer 9

axial (up/down), equatorial (sideways) - favoured as they do not repel as much axial are close and dumb into each other - sterically repel might conform from chair to boat where all axial become equatorial

Answer 10

addition, substitution, oxidation and reduction

Answer 11

adding atoms to a molecule

Answer 12

exchanging an atom/group from a molecule

Answer 13

loss of electrons (or H)

Answer 14

gain of electrons (or H)

Answer 15

strong acids give up a proton. alkene becomes a halogenated alkane nucleophilic alkene is more electron rich than an alkane HCL (H+ is electrophilic) 1. H binds and double bond breaks. carbonation occurs (vacant orbital), other end is positive 2. the Cl- is a nucleophile and binds with positive end this product is more stable and has least energy

Answer 16

when both ends of an alkene have different numbers of hydrocarbons (not symmetrical), two products can be formed - major (more stable) and minor. addition of H-X to an alkene occurs such that the carbon with more gains most.

Answer 17

an atom with a lone pair of electrons or a pi bond

Answer 18

an atom with a vacant orbital or polarised bond

Answer 19

alkene reacts with X-X the double bond breaks and one X binds, causing carbonation. X- binds with positive end and you get an alkane with two Xs

Answer 20

an alkene reacts with water and sulphuric acid (a catalyst) the H from the acid breaks the bond and causes a positive end. then the water binds.

Answer 21

Markovnikov's rule - increased stability, adding water to the carbon with more carbon substituents, than at the end where the H was initially added a methyl cation CH3+ is unstable, a tertiary cation CC4 is stable hyper conjugation: stabilising interaction from mixing a filled sigma orbital with an adjacent empty orbital

Organic Chem Flashcards

(47 cards)