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Lord give me strength > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Alkane => Halogenoalkane

A

Free-Radical Substitution
UV light / heat, limited halogen

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2
Q

Alkene => Alcohol

Industrial:
H2O (g), conc. H3PO4 catalyst, heat, high pressure

A

Electrophilic Addition
(i) cold conc. H2SO4
(ii) H2O, warm

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3
Q

Alkene => Halogenoalkane

A

Electrophilic Addition
HX (g)

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4
Q

Alkene => Dihalogenoalkane

A

Electrophilic Addition
X2, CCl4

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5
Q

Alkene => CHBrCH2OH (major) + CHBrCHBr (minor)

A

Electrophilic Addition
Br2 (aq) / Br2 + H2O

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6
Q

Alkene => -diol

A

Mild oxidation
Cold KMnO4, NaOH (aq)

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7
Q

Alkene => Ketone / Carboxylic Acid / CO2 +H2O

A

Oxidative cleavage / Vigorous oxidation
Hot KMnO4, H2SO4 (aq)

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8
Q

Alkene => Alkane

A

Reduction
H2, Pt catalyst /
H2, Ni catalyst, heat

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9
Q

Alcohol => Alkene

A

Elimination (of H2O)
Excess conc. H2SO4, heat

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10
Q

Halogenoalkane => Alkene

A

Elimination (of HX)
Ethanolic NaOH / KOH, heat

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11
Q

Benzene => Halogenobenzene + HX

A

Electrophilic Substitution (Halogenation)
X2, anhydrous FeX3 catalyst

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12
Q

Benzene => Alkylbenzene +HX

A

Electrophilic Substitution (Alkylation)
RX, anhydrous FeX3 catalyst

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13
Q

Benzene => Nitrobenzene + H2O

A

Electrophilic Substitution (Nitration)
Conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, heat

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14
Q

Benzene => Carbonylbenzene

A

Electrophilic Substitution (Acylation)
RCOCl, AlCl3

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15
Q

Methylbenzene => 1-methyl-2-nitrobenzene + 1-mehtyl-4-nitrobenzene

A

Electrophilic Substitution (Nitration)
Conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4

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16
Q

Methylbenzene => 1-methyl-2-halogenobenzene + 1-methyl-4-halogenobenzene

A

Electrophilic Substitution (Halogenation)
X2, anhydrous FeX3 catalyst

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17
Q

Methylbenzene => Halogenoalkylbenzene + HCl

A

Free-Radical Substitution
X2 (g), UV light / heat

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18
Q

Methylbenzene => Benzoic Acid + H2O

A

Oxidation in Acidic medium
KMnO4, H2SO4 (aq), heat

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19
Q

Methylbenzene + OH- => Carboxylate Salt C6H6COO- + 2H2O

C6H6COO- => C6H6COOH

A

Oxidation in Alkaline medium
KMnO4, NaOH (aq), heat

H2SO4 (aq) / HCl (aq)

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20
Q

Ethylbenzene + 6[O] => ?

A

C6H6COOH + 2H2O + CO2

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21
Q

Halogenoalkane => Alkene + HX

A

Elimination
Ethanolic NaOH / KOH, heat

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22
Q

Halogenoalkane => Alcohol

A

Nucleophilic Substitution
NaOH (aq) / KOH, heat

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23
Q

Halogenoalkane => Amine + HX

A

Nucleophilic Substitution
Excess NH3 in ethanol, heat in sealed tube

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24
Q

Halogenoalkane => Nitrile

A

Nucleophilic Substitution
Ethanolic NaCN / KCN, heat

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25
Nitrile => Amine
Reduction LiAlH4, dry ether / H2, Pt catalyst
26
Nitrile => Carboxylate Salt
Alkaline Hydrolysis NaOH (aq), heat
27
Nitrile => Carboxylic Acid
Acidic Hydrolysis H2SO4 (aq), heat
28
RCOO- => RCOOH
H2SO4 / HCl
29
Alcohol => R-Cl + POCl3 + HCl (g) Alcohol => R-Cl + SO2 (g) + HCl (g)
Nucleophilic Substitution Anhydrous PCl5 (white fumes) Anhydrous SOCl2 (white fumes)
30
Alcohol => R-X + H2O
Nucleophilic Substitution HX (g)
31
Alcohol => Alkoxide ion RO-Na+ + H2
Redox Reaction Na (s)
32
Alcohol => Ester ROCOR' + HCl
Condensation R'COCl, room temperature (favourable) (Reversible rxn, H2O product) RCOOH, excess conc. H2SO4, heat
33
Ester => Alcohol
Hydrolysis H2SO4 (aq), heat / NaOH (aq), heat
34
1' Alcohol RCH2OH => Aldehyde
Oxidation K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 (aq), heat with distillation
35
Aldehyde => 1' Alcohol RCH2OH
Reduction LiAlH4 in dry ether / NaBH4 in ethanol / H2, Pt catalyst
36
Alcohol => R-X + H3PO3
Anhydrous PX3, room temperature
37
2' Alcohol RR'CHOH => Ketone
Oxidation K2Cr2O7 (or KMnO4), H2SO4 (aq), heat
38
Ketone => 2' Alcohol RR'CHOH
Reduction LiAlH4 in dry ether / NaBH4 in ethanol / H2, Pt catalyst
39
Aldehyde => RCOOH
Oxidation K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 (aq), heat under reflux / KMnO4, H2SO4 (aq), heat
40
Alcohol => RCOOH
Oxidation K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 (aq), heat under reflux / KMnO4, H2SO4 (aq), heat
41
RCOOH => Alcohol
Reduction LiAlH4 in dry ether
42
Tri-iodomethane test (alcohol)
Redox RCH(CH3)OH + I2 + NaOH (aq), warm => RC(CH3)O => + I2, NaOH(aq), warm => Carboxylate salt + CHI3 (yellow ppt) RCH(CH3)OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH (aq) => CHI3 (yellow ppt) + 5I- + 5H2O + carboxylate salt
43
Phenol => 2,4,6-tribromophenol + 3HBr
Electrophilic Substitution (Bromination) Br2 (aq) Orange Br (aq) decolourised White ppt formed
44
Phenol => 2-bromophenol + 4-bromophenol + HBr
Electrophilic Substitution (Bromination) Br2 in CCl4 Orange-red Br2 decolourised
45
Phenol => 2-nitrophenol + 4-nitrophenol + H2O
Electrophilic Substitution (Nitration) Dilute HNO3 Yellow ppt (both)
46
Phenol => 2,4,6-nitrophenol +3H2O
Electrophilic Substitution (Nitration) Conc. HNO3 Yellow ppt
47
Phenol => Sodium Phenoxide + H2O
Neutralisation NaOH (aq)
48
Phenol => Sodium Phenoxide + 1/2H2
Redox (test) Na (s)
49
Phenol => Phenyl ester + Cl-
Condensation (i) NaOH (aq) => Phenoxide + H2O (ii) RCOCl
50
Sodium Phenoxide => Phenyl ester
Condensation RCOCl
51
Phenol => Violet complex
Complex formation Neutral FeCl3 (aq)
52
Test for all aldehydes
Oxidation Tollen's reagent, heat Grey ppt of Ag (s) / "silver mirror"
53
Test for aldehydes except benzaldehydes
Oxidation Fehling's solution, heat Brick-red ppt of Cu2O
54
Carbonyl compound => Orange ppt
Condensation 2,4-DNPH Orange ppt
55
Carbonyl compound => RCCN(R')OH
Nucleophilic Addition HCN, trace amt. of NaCN (or NaOH)
56
Nitrile group => COO-Na+
Alkaline Hydrolysis NaOH (aq), heat
57
Nitrile group => COOH
Acidic Hydrolysis H2SO4 (aq), heat
58
Nitrile group => CH2NH2 Amine group
Reduction LiAlH4 in dry ether / H2, pt catalyst
59
RCOOH => RCOO-Na+
NaOH (aq)
60
Tri-iodomethane test (carbonyl)
Redox RC(CH3)O + 3I2 + 4OH- => Carboxylate salt + CHI3 (yellow ppt) + 3I- + 3H2O
61
RCOOH => Carboxylate salt
Redox Na (s) -- produces H2 Neutralisation NaOH (aq) -- produces salt & H2O / NaHCO3 / Na2CO3 -- produces CO2 & H2O
62
RCOOH => RCOCl
Substitution PCl5 / PCl3 / SOCl2
63
RCOCl => RCOOH
Hydrolysis H2O Dense white fume HCl liberated
64
RCOCl => Carboxylate salt
Hydrolysis NaOH (aq)
65
RCOCl => RCONHR' Amide
Condensation NH3 -- R'=H R'NH2 -- R'=alkyl/aryl
66
RCOCl => ROCOR'
Condensation R'OH
67
RCOCl => ROCOC6H6
Condensation Phenol, NaOH
68
Ester => Carboxylate salt
Alkaline hydrolysis NaOH (aq), heat
69
RCOOH => ROCOR'
Condensation Conc. H2SO4 (aq), R'OH, heat
70
ROCOR' => RCOOH
Acid hydrolysis Dilute H2SO4 (aq), heat
71
RCONHR' => RCOOH
Acid hydrolysis Dilute H2SO4 (aq), heat

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