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CHEM > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

1
Q

at what conditions does a primary alcohol get dehydrated into alkene and release 1 water molecule

A

H2so4
170 - 180 C

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2
Q

product and conditions for weak dehydration of 2 primary alcohols

A

140 C h2so4
ether and water

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3
Q

what happens when we try to oxidize tertiary alcohol under extreme conditions

A

alcohol gets dehydrated into alkene, and is then cleaved and oxidized into 1 ketone and 1 aldehyde

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4
Q

what is used in sarrett’s oxidation of alcohols?

A

CrO3
pryidine

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5
Q

difference between sarrett’s and collin’s oxidation

A

collins also uses CH2Cl (dichloromethane) as a solvent along with cro3 and pyridine

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6
Q

describe jone’s oxidation of alcohol

A

cro3 (chromium oxide/trioxide/chromic acid)
H2SO4
and acetone is the solvent.
only one out of the 3 that further oxidizes aldehyde into carboxylic

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7
Q

cleavage of diols could be done w kmno4 to get carboxylic acid, could it be done with a weaker regant?

A

periodic acid (HIO4) gives us two aldehydes

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8
Q

what is the dichromate test for

A

detection of ethanol for drunk drivers
dichromate turns green from orange
acetalaldehyde is formed

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9
Q

what is the lucas test for

A

differentiation of tert/sec/primary alcohols
alcohol reacts with hcl under zinc chloride catalyst to give a clody/oily solution (RCL and h2o)
tert forms immediately whereas primary forms on heating

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10
Q

describe the results of the victor meyer’s test for the differentiation of alcohols

A

1 : blood red
2 : blue
3 : no color

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11
Q

how to synthesise ethers using williamson’s synthesis

A

2 steps
1. acid metal reaction bw alcohol and Na
2. React the sodium alkoxide formed RO-Na+ with R-X (alkyl halide) Sn2 to give us ether and NaX

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12
Q

how to syntheisise ethers using halogenoalkanes

A

React 2 RX with Ag2O at high temp. 2AGX form along with 1 ether

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13
Q

ethers react with acyl halides in the presences of …….. to give us?

A

ZnCl2 catalyst
RX and ester

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14
Q

ethers act as a nucleophile and a base to react with strong acid to produce

A

oxonium ion and then salt
(with hbr, h2so4)
not with HI tho, forms RI and alcohol instead

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15
Q

phenol when treated w conc h2so4 and then w conc hno3 give us

A

2,4,6 - nitrophenol

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16
Q

during hydration of alkenes to form alcohols, alkenes are first dissolved in?

A

conc h2so4

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17
Q

esterfication follows which reaction mechanism

A

nucleophillic sub

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18
Q

trans isomers have —- bp but —– mp

A

low bp due to non polar nature but high mp as they r closely packed

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19
Q

the type of isomerism that arises due to shifting of proton from one atom to another in the same molecule is called

A

tautomerism

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20
Q

how many organic compounds r known

A

over 6 million

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21
Q

aliphatic compounds is another name for

A

acyclic compounds

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22
Q

the wolf kishner reduction

A

ketone/aldehydes —-> alkane
NH2NH2
KOH alc
heat

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23
Q

on what basis do we determine which alkene reacts fastest w H2 under hydrogenation condition

A

the one w least stearic hinderance/ alkyl groups subsitituted on CC

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24
Q

list all the dehydrating agents

A

h2so4 , p2o3, p4o10, h3po4, al2o3

25
Q

order of reactivity of alk to give electrophillic addition reactions

A

alkene>akyne> alkane

26
Q

how could we produce is cis alkene from an alkyne

A

hydrogenation reaction
H2 and lindlar pd- poisoned catalyst (pt catalyst would further reduce it to alkane)

27
Q

how could we produce a trans alkene from an alkyne

A

Na and NH3
Na breaks 1 pi bond and donate one electron to one C, forming a radical ion and a carboanion
The H goes to the anion and the radical further forms an anion from sodium metal and also accepts H from nh3

28
Q

list electron withdrawing groups which deactivate the benzene ring, making it less reactive

A
  • carbonyl groups CHO,
    · halogens (F, Cl);
    · nitriles CN;
    · nitro groups NO2.
29
Q

list electron donating groups which activate the ring

A

· alkyl groups;
· alcohol groups;
· amino groups.

30
Q

aromic compounds burn with yellow sooty flame because

A

they have high percentage of carbon
incomplete combustion

31
Q

why are alkenes more reactive than benzene w.r.t electrophillic sub

A

Benzene has a cyclic structure with delocalised electrons and with more resonating structures which make it more stable. As it is more stable so it is less reactive.

32
Q

order of reactiivty of alkenes with hydrogen halides is

A

HI>HBr>HCl>HF

33
Q

ethanenitrile can be converted into ethanoic through ——– intermediate

A

acetamide

34
Q

the formation of acetic ahnydride from acetic acid follows the mechanism

A

SN

35
Q

molar mass of formic acid in benzene comes out to be

A

92

36
Q

nitrobenzene is reduced to phenylamine (aniline) by

A

Sn/HCL

37
Q

phenylamine + CH3Cl + 3KOH —>

A

phenyl isocyanide C6H5CN + 3KCL +3H2O

38
Q

the primary secondary and tertiary amines can be distinguised by

A

hinsberg’s reagent C6H5SO2Cl
1 : alkali soluble benzene sulphonamide
2 : insoluble version of 1
3 does not react

39
Q

what is the hoffman bromoamide reaction/ degradation reaction

A

when primary amine reacts w Br and NaOH then one carbon less primary amine will form

40
Q

the leaving group in SN2 reaction is

A

a good leaving group is a weak base

41
Q

what is a good leaving group

A

a small negatively charged ion that can easily leave a molecule without causing much disruption (hso4- and br-). OH- is a bad leaving group because its a strong nucleophile and has high charge to size ratio so very attracted to carbon

42
Q

in a reaction havig both alkyl halide and base the base will attack on —-?

A

beta hydrogen

43
Q

what is cannizaro reaction

A

carbonyl compound reacts with naoh or koh to form one cooh (oxidized) and alcohol (reduced)
oxidation will occur on carbon w less stearic hinderance(bulky groups) and electron withdrawing groups.

44
Q

on dry distillation of calcium methanoate, what is produced

A

acetaldehyde (ethanal ) and CO2

45
Q

carbonyl compounds undergo nucleophillic addition because

A

electronegativity difference and pi bond

46
Q

FeCl3 is used to differentiate

A

phenols : purple
alcahols : colorless

47
Q

what is clemenson reduction

A

carbonyl group is reduced to CH2 when treated with amalgamated zinc and conc hcl

48
Q

when acetylene is passed thru hot iron tube at 400 C it gives

A

benzene

49
Q

non polar product is formed in what type of reaction (E or S)

A

Elimination

50
Q

a better leaving group has following characteristics

A
  • stable anion
  • large sized
  • favors sn1 instead of sn2
51
Q

formation of phenols in dow’s method is

A

aromatic nucleophilic sub of chlorobenzene to phenol

52
Q

most acidic alcohol

A

methanol

53
Q

which gives positive iodoform test

A

ethanol and 2-alcohol
and methyl ketones

54
Q

phenol reacts with acyl halide to give

A

aromatic ester

55
Q

what reacts w NaHSO3 to give white ppt?

A

aldehydes and small methyl ketones

56
Q

oximes are formed upon reaction of aldehydes or ketones with

A

hydroxyl amine

57
Q

acetone can be prepared by dry distillation of?

A

calcium acetate

58
Q

Aldehydes or ketones possessing alpha hydrogen undergo?

A

aldol condensaition
those that dont : unergo cannizaro reaction

59
Q

Carboxylic acids can be prepared from oxidation of ketones by

A

pop off rule 🍑

CHEM (10 decks)

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