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AQA Higher Chemistry > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Alkane

A

C bonds to 4 atoms

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2
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes
All bonds with other atoms are single bonds

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3
Q

Use of alkane

A

Low reactivity
Good combustion
Fuel

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4
Q

Alkane formula

A

Cn H 2n + 2

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5
Q

Organic

A

Carbon

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6
Q

Homologous

A

A family of similar compounds

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7
Q

Burning alkanes wo o2

A

2C + O2 -> 2 CO

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8
Q

Burning w loads of o2

A

Chill
Energy
CO2
Water

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9
Q

Steam cracking

A

Vaporised heavy h are combined w steam in high temp env

850 degrees plus
Alkanes and alkenes

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10
Q

Catalytic cracking

A

Passed over the top of a heated catalyst
Alkanes and alkenes

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11
Q

Alkene use

A

Starting material for stuff like ethanol
Feedstock for polymers

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12
Q

unsaturated

A

Contain a double bond between two C atoms

Means that an alkane and alkene w same length will have dif number of H atoms
- alkane will have 2 more H atoms

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13
Q

How reactive are alkenes

A

More than alkanes

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14
Q

Functional group

A

Atoms taht impact the reactions of an organic compound

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15
Q

Functional group of alkenes

A

C = C

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16
Q

Addition ractions

A

C = C bond opens up and allows C atoms to bond w new atoms

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17
Q

Alkenes and oxygen

A

Incomplete or complete combustion

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18
Q

C3H6 + O2-> (CO)

A

(3 in front of O2)

-> 3CO + 3 H2O

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19
Q

C3H6 + O2 -> (soot)

A

(2 in front of propene)
(3 in front of O2)

-> 6C + 6 H2O

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20
Q

C3H6 + O2 -> (complete combustion)

A

2 in front of propene
9 in front of oxygen

-> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

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21
Q

Alkenes and hydrogen gas

A

Nickel catalyst
Forms an alkane
Called hydrogenation

e.g. C2H4 + H2 -> C2H6

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22
Q

Alkenes and halogens

A
  • alkenes react w bromine water when shaken
  • orange/brown to colourless
  • good test yeh

ethene + bromine ->dibromoethane (colourless)

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23
Q

Alkenes and water (steam)

A

phosphoric acid catalyst
forms alcohol

e.g. ethene + steam -> ethanol
C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH

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24
Q

Formual for alcohol

25
alchohol functional gruop
hydroxyl group OH
26
alcohol and oxidising agent
carboxylic acid
27
alcohol and sodium
alcohols are neutral, but react slowly with sodium to make hydrogen
28
alcohol and air (heat)
co2 and water
29
alcohol and water
neutral solutions
30
uses for alcohols
solvents fuels feedstocks
31
how is alcohol made
fermentation hydration
32
fermentation
glucose 37 degrees yeast anaerobic (slightly) acidic alcohol in aqueous solution + CO2
33
hydration
ethene + water 300 degrees phosphoric acid alcohol
34
oxidation of alcohols
alcohol + oxygen -> carboxylic acid "oxygen" = oxidising agent e.g. potassium dichromate changes colour from orange -> green during reaction chromate reduced alcohol oxidised
35
carboxylic acid functional group
COOH
36
methanoic acid
HCOOH
37
ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
38
propanoic acid
C2H5COOH
39
butanoic acid
C3H7COOH
40
carboxylic acid strength
forms an equilibrium in water acidic as H+ released weak acid as it's only partly dissociated -> reacts with bases e.g. metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates
41
formula for carboxylic acid
Cn H2n+1 COOH
42
alcohol and carboxylic acid
acid catalyst (concentrated sulfuric) ester and water e.g. ethanoic acid + ethanol -> ethyl ethanoate + water
43
carbonates and carboxylic acids
salt co2 water
44
water and carboxylic acids
solution with acidic pH partly dissociates H+ ions weak acid
45
esters functional group
-COO-
46
monomer
small molecules joined to other small molecules to make a long-chain polymerp
47
polymer
a long chain molecule made by joining lots of small molecules
48
addition
double bond broken
49
polymerisation
many monomers join together to make a long chain
50
monomer in addition polymerisation
alkenes - double bond opens to allow multiple alkenes to join together
51
product in addition polymerisation
polymer e.g. polyethene polypropene
52
ethene addition polymerisation
polyethene
53
propene addition polymerisation
polypropene
54
polyesters
diols and dicarboxylic acids
55
condensation polymerisation
joining monomers with 2 functional groups to produce larger products (and a small molecule by-product e.g water)
56
functional group of amino caids
amine -nh2 carboxyl - cooh
57
polymerisation of amino acids
condensation polymerisation produces polypeptide and water
58

AQA Higher Chemistry (1 decks)

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