organic chem

Question 1

four types of biomolecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 2

functional group

Answer 2

a few chemical groups that are essential to the functioning and identity of biomolecules

Question 3

dehydration synthesis

Answer 3

removing water from reactants to create a bond

Question 4

carbohydrates purpose

Answer 4

main source of fuel and carbon

Question 5

monosaccharides

Answer 5

simple monomers like glucose and fructose

Question 6

disaccharides

Answer 6

2 monomers joined by dehydration synthesis, (ex: sucrose= glucose+fructose)

Question 7

polysaccharide

Answer 7

polymer of monosaccharides, cellulose= polymer of glucose, complex and used as storage

Question 8

carb elements

Answer 8

CHO

Question 9

carb functional groups

Answer 9

hydroxyl, ketone/aldehyde

Question 10

lipid elements

Answer 10

C, H, O

Question 11

lipid+water

Answer 11

non-polar, hydrophobic

Question 12

fats/oils

Answer 12

energy storage

Question 13

phospholipids

Answer 13

major component of all cell membranes– glycerol backbone w/ 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group – forms bilayer sheet

Question 14

steroids

Answer 14

hormones, cholesteral

Question 15

fats are made of

Answer 15

glycerol and fatty acids bonded by dehydration synthesis

Question 16

saturated fatty acid

Answer 16

have no double bonds, fully saturated with carbon

Question 17

bilayer sheet

Answer 17

formed by phospholipids– hydrophilic head on the outsides, hydrophobic tails on the inside

Question 17

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 17

has at least one double bond

Question 18

monomer

Answer 18

building block of a biomolecule

Question 19

polymer

Answer 19

many building blocks of a biomolecule put together

Question 20

how traits are made

Answer 20

DNA–> RNA –> proteins –> traits

Question 21

3d shape of protein

Answer 21

conformation

Question 22

conformation determines

Answer 22

function

Question 23

functions of proteins

Answer 23

enzymes, hormonal, protection, transporting, storage, structure, receptors, or muscular.

Question 24

enzymes

Answer 24

catalyze chemical reactions so that we can live

Question 25

monomer of protein

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

elements of proteins

Answer 26

CHONS

Question 27

amino acids consist of

Answer 27

a hydrogen atom, a carbonxl group, an amino group, and an R group

Question 28

how many amino acids

Answer 28

20 w/ unique r-groups

Question 29

amino acids bonded

Answer 29

peptide bond (covalent)

Question 30

polymer of protein

Answer 30

polypeptide

Question 31

primary protein structure

Answer 31

amino acids bound in string by peptide bonds

Question 32

secondary protein structure

Answer 32

primary folded into either beta-pleated sheet or alpha helix

Question 33

tertiary protein structure

Answer 33

helix/sheet folded in on itself to create 3d structure. ALL proteins minimally have this

Question 34

quaternary protein structure

Answer 34

2 or more tertiary structures bonded together

Question 35

3 main types of nucleic acids

Answer 35

RNA, DNA, ATP

Question 36

monomer of NA

Answer 36

nucleotides

Question 37

chromosomes

Answer 37

linear form of dna

Question 38

gene

Answer 38

area of DNA that encodes a protein

Question 39

central dogma

Answer 39

flow of genetic info from DNA to RNA to polypeptide

Question 40

elements of NAs

Answer 40

CHONP

Question 41

polymer of nucleic acids

Answer 41

nucleic acids are polymers

Question 42

nucleotides are made of

Answer 42

phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and a 5c sugar

Question 43

nitrogenous base DNA

Answer 43

TCAG

Question 44

nitrogenous base RNA

Answer 44

UCAG

Question 45

phosphodiester bonds

Answer 45

join nucleotides, connects p-group to sugar through dehydration synthesis

Question 46

biruet test

Answer 46

Finds proteins, pos=violet

Question 47

benedict's test

Answer 47

fonds mono and di saccharides, needs heating, pos=orange/red

Question 48

iodine test

Answer 48

finds starches, pos=violet/blue

Question 49

paper bag test

Answer 49

finds lipids, pos= leaves transparent mark on bag.

Question 50

NA functional groups

Answer 50

carboxyl, amino, phosophatem hydroxyl

Question 51

protein functional groups

Answer 51

carboxyl, amino

Question 52

lipid functional groups

Answer 52

carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate

Question 53

carb functional groups

Answer 53

aldehyde, ketone, hydroxyl