Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chem 30 > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Organic Chemistry

A

branch of chemistry that deals with compounds that contain carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compounds that contain carbon but are not organic are called

They are ex:

A

inorganic compounds

CO2, CO , CO3 , CN , SiC and anything that has a metal in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All plastics and fossil fuels are

A

organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are most compounds organic

A

Carbon has 4 bonding electrons and can form loads of bonds double triple and long chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is refining

A

technology that gas chem n physical processes of separating complex mixtures into simpler or near pure compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

compounds containing only C and H
ex. methane CH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Hydrocarbon derivatives

A

Compounds derived from hydrocarbon, containing elements like O N S
ex. CH3OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alkanes are the
Contain only
They are saturated hydrocarbons meaning
have no benzene rings =

A

Simplest hydrocarbons
single covalent bonds
each C is bonded to as many atoms as possible single bond only making it solid at room temp
Aliphatic Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the simplest hydrocarbons abd they contain

A

Alkanes containing only single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aliphatic compounds means

A

no benzene rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

General formula Alkanes
n represents

A

CnH2n + 2
number of carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alkanes:

Empirical formula shows

Expanded molecular formula shows

Structural Formula shows

Condensed Structural formula shows

Line formula shows

A

1- Number of carbons and hydrogens ex. C5H12

2- Number if Hydrogens on carbons
ex. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

3- Structure of the molecule and bonds

4- Simplified structure only bobding style showed but alkanes gave single anyway
ex. CH3 - CH2 - CH3

5- simplified structure shows carbon at each corner but no hydrogen drawn assumed ti be bonded to carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Isomers

A

compounds with same emphirical firmula but different structure drawn out and diff name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

naming alkanes cinsists of 3 parts:

Prefix tells u

Root tells u

Suffix tells u

A

Prefix + Root + Suffix

Prefix = position and names of any branches from main chain

Root = number of carbons atoms in the longest continuous chain of C

Suffix = series of compounds the molecule belongs to , for alkanes is ane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Side branches end in

A

yl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are alkyl groups

named including

how to tell how many of same branch

A

side branches from the main chain abd end in yl

listed in alphabetical order and include number of the carbons atoms they are attached to

di tri or tetra to tell how many of branches attached to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

of carbons root names 1 to 10

A

Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Steps for naming alkanes

A
  1. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbons and determine root names and suffix ( meth, eth etc) + ( ane for all single bonds)
  2. Identify prefix (if there are branches) need the number of carbon its on too
  3. Put together, use hypen - between number and word but not between last prefix and the root
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alkane properties

A

Non polar
Only IMFs qnd LD is weak
Small alkanes gases at STP
As chain lenght increases the LD become stronger (liquid)
very large chains waxy solids
The longer the chain the higer the BP
and LD force stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Distillation

A

Uses bp property to separate crude oil into its components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alkenes have
and are

A

one double bond
unsaturated hydrocarbons (not bonded to max number of atoms)
highly reactive bc double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Non polar compounds are
Polar are

A

Symmetrical
non symmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of bonds and strong to weak

A

Hydrogen bonds strongest
Dipole Dipole only by polar compounds
London Dispersion weakest all have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

General Formula Alkenes
Empirical formula
expanded molecular
structural
Condensed structural
Line strctural

A

CnH2n , n for alkenes cant be one

only dhows amount of carbons and hydrogens ex C5H10

CH3C(CH3)CHCH3 shows branches in brackets

structural shows both bonds and carbon qnd hydrogen

Condensed shows only bonds

Line corners andcends show carbon no hydrogen and double line shows a double bobd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Naming alkenes rules
Prefix + Root + Suffix 1. look for longest continuous chain with db prioritization so lowest number is the number 2. suffix is hex - number of the farbon where db is - ene
26
Alkynes have / are
one triple bond at least Unsaturated hydrocarbons Highly reactive bc bond
27
Alkynes general formula
CnH2n-2
28
ane is for ene is for yne is for and general formulas
single bond CnH2n+2 double bond CnH2n triple bond CnH2n - 2
29
Naming Alkynes
Suffix is yne bonds to either side if triple bond are linear
30
Steps to naming ALKANES
1- Identify longest cont chain of Carbon atoms> root # n suffix ane 2- Identify prefix if there are branches , name in alphabetical order and lowest number of branch Put together
31
Alkanes general formula
CnH2n + 2
32
Alkane Properties
- Nom polar so symmetrical - Only intermolecular force is LD (weakest of three) - longer chain ld force stronger and becomes liquid - very large chains are waxy solids - longer chains have higher bps
33
what are the intermolecular forces and types of them strongest to weakest
Intermolecular forces are between molecules ( H2O and H2O ex) Hydrogen bond strongest Dipole Dipole only on polar substances middle London dispersion weakest
34
Which molecule has higher bp and why CH4 or C20H42
C20H42 because longer chains so stronger LD force
35
Whats fractional distillation
property used to separate crude oil into its components
36
Which physical property tells you what has a higher bp
if more linear higher bp than spherical shapes
37
AlkENES mudt have ____ hydrocarbons meaning very or little reactivity and why
at least one double bond Unsaturated, not bonded to the max number of atoms possible very reactive because of the unstable double bond
38
General formula alkENES
CnH2n n cant be 1
39
Naming AlkENES
1- Root aka longest cont chain must invlude double bond , longest cont chain with db occuring closest to start , name at which number carbon it occurs 2- ends in ene 3- same prefixes as for anes,
40
AlkYNES must have ____ hydrocarbons meaning very or lil reactivity and why
at least one triple bond Unsaturated, not bonded to max number of atoms possible highly reactive at the triple bond bc unstable
41
How dyk if a bond is unsaturated or saturated
If single max atoms bonded so saturated and if any db or tb then not max atoms bonded so unsaturated and intail usually high reactivity
42
AlkYNES general formula
CnH2n-2
43
Naming AlkYNES
- suffix yne - number to indicate where tb is and when numbering start closest to tb
44
What are Cyclical hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons that form ring instead of chains but have no benzene rings - Aliphatic - non polar and have similar physical properties as their straight chained counterparts
45
Aliphatic hydrocarbon meaning
Hydrocarbons that form rings or chains but have no benzene rings
46
Naming Cylical Hydrocarbons
- # of C in ring if its main part becomes roit, same as for other but has cyclo before - determine bond type and ending for it , no numbers needed if only one db or tb because its assumed to be between c1 and 2
47
When a cylical bond is gormed it
loses 2 hydrogens
48
When are you numbering branches / bondsfor cyclics and how
If one side group for alkane not numbered, If 2+ then number to result in lowest number on branches possible For alkenes and alkynes db and tb takes priority and number every other branch so lowest number possible is listed, also bonds assumed to be on c1 so no insert of that before ending
49
What are aromatics
Compounds with strong smells, all based on presence of benzene ring Have formula C6H6 brcause not true db or sb electrons shared between whole ring relatively unreactive Universal non polar solvent and carcinogens
50
how are aromatics drawn
Hexagon with circle or 3 db drawn inside (even tho not true db) One hydrogen on each corner only
51
Naming aromatics if benzene is main chain
If main is benzene; - root is benzene - c’s numbered in lowest order like for all other - no cyclo priority : OH the FClBrI then alkyl groups
52
Naming aromatics when benzene isnt the main parent chain - wgen it happens
- this is ehen ring attached to 5 ir more C’s - parent named with number of C and enfinh for alkyl groups like before -if benzene a branch it becomes phenyl with no ending
53
What are Alkyl Halides
Hydrocarbond that contain at least one halogen atom (F,Cl,Br,I) artificial compounds
54
Physical property of halides
- halide grps bery polar, have DD forces - small molecules soluble with water as both polsr - large molecules less soluble as polarity decreases with more H in compound
55
Naming Alkyl Halides
-Root is parent chain thats longest with halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) in it so # of c - prefix for halogens are chloro, fluro, bromo, iodo - di tri etc if more than 1 halogen written alphabetically - number and fo everything else as usual with alkyl groups rnding or cyclo
56
alcohols functional grp
R-C-OH
57
halides functional grp
R-C-(F,Cl,Br,I)
58
Properties of Alcohols
-Very polar so have DD forces and Hydrogen bonds -Small molecules soluble with water but longer molecules less soluble - straight chain alcohol with less 12C liquid at STP - all alcohols toxic
59
Random rule when naming alcohol
if suffix (ending) begins with vowel drop e at end of parent alkane and if starting with other letters leave e in
60
Carboxylic acids functional group
R - C = O | OH
61
Carboxylic acids properties
- All weak acids - Any compound containing a carboxylic acid
62
Naming Carboxylic acid rules
- Root is longest chain containing a carboxyl group - Suffix drop e at end of parebt alkane and replace it with -oic acid - C of carboxyl group is always C1 in chain or ring - everything else as before
63
Esters functional group
R - C - O - R’ || O db on o on carbon
64
Ester classification
- Synthesized esters used to give artificial aromas and flavours to juices , candies, foods - results from a combination of carboxylic acid and alcohol - takes H out to form water
65
Naming esters rules
- Find part of ester from products side that has C-O group > part that came from acid , use this root but change from ending in -oic acid to -oate - Prefix comes from alcohol side of ester > ignore O abd name alkyl grps like beford -put space between alkyl grp and root if no numbers
66
Combustion rxn is
Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, energy
67
Addition rxn happens only to ___ which are saturated or unsaturated molecules? Forms a
Alkenes or alkynes , unsaturated meaning more can be added Forms a more or completely saturated product
68
Whats the bromine test? explain shy it works and results expected
adding bromine Br2 , which has brown colour to determine if unknown organic compound is saturated or unsaturated If saturated adding bromine eont change the compounds so would remain the brown colour If unsaturated adding bromine would become a addition rxn and so the bromine would join the compound and be clear
69
Whats hydrogenation
adding h2 to make a unsaturated compound more saturated
70
Whats substitution - occurs with - needs
Two compounds reacting to form two different compounds - Occurs with alkanes and aromatics , as both saturated compounds - often needs catalyst to occur
71
Elimination is - needs and makes -also called?
Reverse of addition rxn, takes saturated compound and eliminates small compound from it to form double bond - Makes alkenes, and another product, needs catalyst - called cracking
72
What are polymers
giant molecule made by linking together smaller monomers
73
Naming polymers
1- from the polymer figure out the monomer name 2- stick poly to the front
74
Condensation rxn polymers
loss of small molecules isually h2o and forming new one from combinging whats left when no more water
75
Common alcohols and their uses
methanol - antifreeze or fuel ethanol - bevrages, antiseptic , fuel Ethane-1,2-diol- anyifreeze Propan-2-ol- rubbing alcohol
76
is bp a chem or physical property
physical
77
Priority listcwhen counting Carbons and numbering
1- Carboxylic acid 2- Alcohol 3- Db/Tb 4-Halides Cl Br I F 5- Alkyl grp
78
Addition polymerization
making a polymer, add tye monomers together intoblong chains n mm
79
Highest bp has
most HB

Chem 30 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions