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OrgChem Laboratory > Organic Chem Laboratory - Midterm > Flashcards

Organic Chem Laboratory - Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Direct conversion of substance from solid to gas WITHOUT PASSING THROUGH THE LIQUID STATE.

A

Sublimation

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2
Q

It can applied when the compound of a solid mixture differ appreciably in their vapor pressures.

A

Separation

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3
Q

Depends on the differences of volatility

A

Purification

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4
Q

Impurities that will remain behind as a residue in the sublimation process

A

Less volatile or non-volatile

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5
Q

Two process that involves sublimation

A
  1. Separation
  2. Purification
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6
Q

-Organic
- Polar (carboxylic acid + alcohol)
-can undergo sublimation process
- has a high vapor pressure; volatile in nature

A

Salicylic Acid

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7
Q

Add impurity ______ ______ to separate impurity to organic

A

Sodium sulfate

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8
Q

-precipitating agent -DETECTS presence of Sodium Sulfate (the impurity use to separate impurity from organic compounds)

A

Barium Chloride (BaCl2)

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9
Q

Other substances that undergo sublimation:

A

-Camphor
-Napthalene
-Ammonium Chloride
-Anthracene

(CANA)

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10
Q

-method employed to separate/ withdraw substances based on their solubility

-Involves separation of medicinally active portion of a plant/ animal tissue, by using selected solvents.

A

Extraction

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11
Q

solvent used for extraction

A

Menstruum

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12
Q

insoluble material that remains in the extraction

A

Marc

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13
Q

filtrate (contains the solvent dissolved with extracted substance)

A

Extractive

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14
Q

(residue) concentrate left after evaporation of solvent (menstruum).

A

Extract

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15
Q

Solid ingredients are placed and soaked in a container with a prescribed solvent and allowed to stand for 2-3 days

A

Maceration

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16
Q

Form of maceration in which gentle heat is used (15 minutes)

A

Digestion

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17
Q

Extracting water-soluble and heat-table contents of plant by boiling in water

A

Decoction

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18
Q

Maceration in hot/cold water

A

Infusion

19
Q

Involves slow passage of liquid through a filtering medium; aids with the use of percolator.

A

Percolation

20
Q

Involves slow passage of liquid through a filtering medium; aids with the use of ________.

A

Percolator

21
Q
  • a pigment present in plant flower
  • A flavonoid type
A

Anthocyanin

22
Q

Two types of confirmatory test for Anthocyanin

A
  1. Acid Solution
  2. Basic Solution
23
Q

in acid solution- 2HCl + 1ml of the flower extract

what is the color?

A

Purple/Magenta Color

24
Q

In a base solution - 2M NaOH + 1 mL of flower extract

what is the color?

A

Green color (positive)

25
Q

When a substance is dissolved in two/ more immiscible liquids, the solute (Substance) distribute itself between these immiscible liquid in a way that the ratio of its concentration in each liquid is CONSTANT irrespective of the amount of solute added.

A

Principle of Partitioning/Distribution

26
Q

Immiscible Liquids

A

Petroleum ether (nonpolar)
Benzene (nonpolar)
Methanol (polar)

27
Q

Who will combine with water?

A

Methanol (Polar)

28
Q

What are the immiscible liquids that chlorophyll is present?

A

Petroleum Ether (Non Polar)
Benzene (Non Polar)

29
Q

The immiscible liquid that has been dried out by Na2SO4?

A

Methanol (polar)

30
Q
  • A drying agent
    -Remove agents or traces of water from the green solution
A

Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)

31
Q

a method of separation employed for purification of liquids

A

Distillation

32
Q

Involves conversion of the liquid to vapor state with the aid of heat and condensation of vapors back to the liquid state.

A

Distillation

33
Q

The processes that are involved in distillation are:

A
  • evaporation
  • condensation
34
Q

To separate liquid mixtures in which
liquids boiling point have a large
temperature difference.

A

Simple Distillation

35
Q

Uses simple apparatus (distilling flask and condenser)

A

Simple Distillation

36
Q

Doesn’t need to be repeated

A

Simple Distillation

37
Q

Can be used to separate a solvent from a solute

A

Simple Distillation

38
Q

Used to purify seawater

A

Simple Distillation

39
Q

To separate liquid mixture in which liquids boiling point have very close temperature difference

A

Fractional Distillation

40
Q

Uses complex apparatus (fractionating column)

A

Fractional Distillation

41
Q

Has to be repeated several times to get pure components

A

Fractional Distillation

42
Q

Cannot be used to separate solvent from a solute

A

Fractional Distillation

43
Q

Used in refining crude oil

A

Fractional Distillation

44
Q

ADDITIONAL

A

Study the Distillation Process Diagram

OrgChem Laboratory (2 decks)

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