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Chem (Organic Chem) > Organic Chem Test 2 > Flashcards

Organic Chem Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a benzene ring?

A

6 carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds

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2
Q

What does ortho (o) for trivial naming mean?

A

refers to naming aromatic hydrocarbons… branches on 1 and 2

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3
Q

what does meta (m) for trivial naming mean?

A

referring to aromatic hydrocarbons… branches on 1, 3

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4
Q

what does para (p) for trivial naming mean?

A

refers to aromatic hydrocarbons… branches on 1, 4

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5
Q

what does iso- mean?

A

same number of carbons on either side of a carbon attached to the molecule

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6
Q

what is toluene?

A

benzene + methyl on 1

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7
Q

what is phenol?

A

benzene + hydroxyl on 1

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8
Q

what is naphthalene?

A

two benzene rings attached together

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9
Q

what would you call a benzene ring as a substituent, which occurs in complex compounds?

A

phenyl

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10
Q

what is the function group of alcohol?

A

hydroxyl (OH)

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11
Q

a compound contains (-OH); what type of organic compound is it?

A

alcohol

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12
Q

how to name alcohols?

A

-ol. Eg. ethanol

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13
Q

what are polyalcohols?

A

contain more than one -OH group. for two, -diol; for three, -triol

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14
Q

how to name cyclic alcohols?

A

use root name of cyclic hydrocarbon, drop the “e” and replace with -ol

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15
Q

how to name aromatic alcohols?

A

it is a benzene ring with one hydroxyl… named phenol.

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16
Q

primary alcohols (1°)?

A

C with OH group attached to only one other C

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17
Q

secondary alcohols (2°)?

A

C with OH group attached with two other C

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18
Q

tertiary alcohols (3°)?

A

C with OH attached to three other C

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19
Q

function group of ethers?

A

oxygen atom (O)

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20
Q

what is an ether?

A

ether is an oxygen between two carbons

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21
Q

how to name ether?

A

count smallest branch and give ending -oxy. take longer branch name it regularly. Eg. methoxy propane

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22
Q

function group of thiol?

A

sulfhydryl (-SH)

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23
Q

how to name thiols?

A

ending with -thiol. Eg. 3-methylbutane-1-thiol

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24
Q

what do aldehydes and ketones contain?

A

carbonyl (C = O) function group

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25
what is an aldehydes?
the oxygen is at the end (terminal). Always given carbon 1 in the chain
26
how to name aldehydes?
replace "-e" with "-al". Eg. propanal
27
what is a ketone?
the oxygen is bonded to at least two other carbons
28
how to name ketones?
replace "-e" with "-one"
29
what is the name of oxygen when it is the substituent?
oxo
30
function group of carboxylic acids and esters?
carboxyl group (-COOH)
31
what are carboxylic acids?
-COOH group is terminal
32
how to name carboxylic acids?
replace "-e" with "-oic acid'. Eg. propanoic acid
33
what is the proper (non-IUPAC) way to name methanoic acid?
formic acid
34
what is the proper (non-IUPAC) way to name ethanoic acid?
acetic acid
35
how to name a carboxylic acid with a benzene ring?
benzoic acid
36
what is an ester?
-COOH bonded to at least two other C. formed by condensation reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol
37
how to name ester?
O part (alcohol part) use -yl. C=O (carboxylic acid part) replace -oic acid with -oate. Eg. methyl ethanoate
38
function group of amine?
NH3 (ammonia)
39
what is an amine?
one or more hydrogens are replaced by an alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, ...)
40
how to name primary amine (1°)?
replace "-e" with "amine". Eg. pentanamine
41
how to name secondary amine (2°)?
follow rule for 1° and use N- to indicate attachment. Eg. N-methylpropan-1-amine
42
how to name tertiary amine (3°)?
follow 2° rule and indicate third chain with another N-. Eg. N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine
43
what is the function group of amides?
nitrogen atom (N) and carbonyl atom (C=O)
44
how to name amides?
similar to amides, using N-. use ending -amide. Eg. N-propyl ethanamide
45
what are intermolecular forces?
polarity, hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals (london dispersion force and dipole-dipole)
46
what are the conditions/ restrictions for polarity?
less than 0.4 = non-polar 0.4 to 1.7 = polar greater than 1.7 = very polar (ionic)
47
what is hydrogen bonding?
a H+ atom covalently bonding with N, O, F, and that same H+ attracted to another N, O, F in a different molecule
48
what is london dispersion forces?
a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles
49
what is dipole-dipole?
partial positive charge on one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the partial negative charge on a neighboring molecule. only occurs in polar molecules
50
what is the ranking of the intermolecular forces?
London dispersion force < dipole-diople < hydrogen bonding
51
how do the presence of functional groups affect the properties of organic compounds?
they may be acidic or basic. each function group is involved in particular chemical reactions
52
what does saturation depend on?
hydrogen atoms (H+)
53
how are alkanes, alkene, etc. affected by saturation (reactivity)?
alkanes < alkene/ alkyne alkanes are fully saturated (have max number of hydrogens attached)
54
as molecular polarity increases...?
boiling point increases and solubility in water increases
55
what can make something more soluble?
anything with hydroxyl is very soluble and terminal is more soluble
56
properties of alkanes?
london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble
57
properties of alkenes?
london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble
58
properties of alkynes?
london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble
59
properties of aromatics?
london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble
60
properties of alcohols?
london dispersion force and h-bonding (IMF), polar, very soluble
61
properties of aldehydes?
dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar, soluble
62
properties of ketones?
dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar (less than aldehydes), slightly soluble
63
properties of carboxylic acid?
dipole-dipole, london dispersion forces & hydrogen bond (IMF), polar, very soluble
64
properties of ethers?
dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar, slightly soluble
65
properties of esters?
dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar, soluble
66
properties of amines?
dipole-dipole, london dispersion forces & hydrogen bond (IMF), polar (less than aldehydes), soluble but decreases as saturation increases (more C get attached)
67
properties of amides?
dipole-dipole, london dispersion forces & hydrogen bond (IMF), polar (less than aldehydes), soluble (1° > 2° > 3°)

Chem (Organic Chem) (1 decks)

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