organic chemidstry Flashcards
(15 cards)
alcohol functional group
-OH (alkane but replace H with OH)
uses of alcohols
fuel (flammable)
solvents in industry
oxidation to form carboxylic acids
two methods of producing ethanol
reacting ethene with gaseous H2O (addition reaction)
300 celcius and 60-70 atm, and phosphoric acid catalyst
ethene is cheap and efficient, but is a non renewable crude oil
fermentation with glucose and yeast
requires yeast cells, done in fermentation tanks (30-40 celcius)
glucose and yeast are renewable, but is slower and requires fractional distillation to gain ethanol
carboxylic acid functional group
-COOH (end in anoic acid)
carboxylic acid reaction with metal carbonate
metal ethanoate (salt) + water + carbon dioxide
how are carboxylic acids made
alcohol + oxidizing agent (sulfuric acid)
carboxylic acid + water
___anoate ion + hydrogen ion
ester functional group
-coo- (in the middle)
how to make an ester
carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid
H is lost from the ethanol, OH is lost from the acid, forming H2O
example of ester reaction
Ethanoic acid + ethanol ➔ Ethyl ethanoate
how to name addition polymers
add poly infront of the monomer
polyethene
polybutene
conditions for polyester formation (condensation polymerization)
each monomer needs to have 2 functional groups
2 unique functional groups
are polyesters biodegradeable
yes (addition polymers arent)
polyester reaction
dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diol, produces a polyester and water
ester catalyst
