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Science 30 > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

the simplest type of organic compound, containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

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2
Q

what is a hydrocarbon derivative?

A

organic molecules consisting of a hydrocarbon and a functional group

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3
Q

how many bond sites does carbon have?

A

4

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4
Q

what is an alkane?

A

a saturated hydrocarbon, it has no double bonds or triple bonds.

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5
Q

what is the formula for an alkane?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

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6
Q

what is the suffix for an alkane?

A

“-ane”

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7
Q

what is an alkene?

A

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one double bond but no triple bonds

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8
Q

what is the formula for alkenes?

A

C(n)H(2n)

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9
Q

what is the suffix for alkenes?

A

“-ene”

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10
Q

what is an alkyne?

A

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one triple bond

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11
Q

what is the formula for alkynes?

A

C(n)H(2n-2)

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12
Q

what is the suffix for alkynes?

A

“-yne”

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13
Q

which type of hydrocarbons are are unsaturated?

A

alkenes and alkynes

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14
Q

which type of hydrocarbons are saturated?

A

alkanes

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15
Q

which type of hydrocarbons have no double or triple bonds?

A

alkanes

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16
Q

which type of hydrocarbons have double bonds?

A

alkenes

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17
Q

which type of hydrocarbons have triple bonds?

A

alkynes

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18
Q

what is a benzene?

A

a 6 carbon structure that has alternating double and single bonds

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19
Q

what is the chemical formula for a benzene ring?

A

C6H6(l)

20
Q

what is an aromatic compound?

A

any compound that contains a benzene ring

21
Q

what does POP stand for?

A

persistent organic pollutant

22
Q

what is considered a POP?

A

a compound containing a benzene ring

23
Q

why is a benzene ring considered a POP?

A

because they are extremely stable and persistent in the environment

24
Q

what is a benzene derivative?

A

a compound with benzene and another element such as halogens of alcohols

25
Q

what are sources of benzene in the environment?

A

oil, gas, pesticides, fungicides, etc.

26
Q

what is a halogenated hydrocarbon?

A

when a halogen (F, Br, I, Cl) attaches to an organic group

27
Q

what is the functional group of halogenated hydrocarbons?

A

halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

28
Q

what is the general formula for halogenated hydrocarbons?

A

R-Q
R: organic group
Q: halogen

29
Q

what is the functional group of alcohols?

A

hydroxyl

30
Q

what is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

carboxyl

31
Q

what is the functional group of esters?

A

ester

32
Q

what is the general formula for alcohols?

A

R-OH
R: organic group
OH: hydroxyl

33
Q

what is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

A

R-COOH
R: organic group
COOH: carboxyl

34
Q

what is the general formula for esters?

A

R-COO-R’
R: organic group
COO: ester
R’: organic group

35
Q

how do we name halogenated hydrocarbons?

A
  1. name the longest carbon chain as a hydrocarbon
  2. name the halogen and add “-o” as the suffix
  3. list and number the halogens alphabetically
36
Q

what does anthropogenic mean?

A

human caused

37
Q

what is a methyl group?

A

a shorter carbon chain coming off of the parent carbon chain

38
Q

how do we name methyl groups?

A
  1. prefix: identify the number of carbons and use the same prefixes used for the parent chain
  2. suffix: “-yl”
  3. if there is more than one methyl group use molecular compound prefixes
  4. identify what carbon the methyl group(s) are on
39
Q

how do we name alcohols?

A
  1. identify the carbon the hydroxyl group is on and add the number as a suffix
  2. add “-ol” as the suffix
40
Q

how do we name carboxylic acids?

A

name the hydrocarbon normally then change the suffix of the to “-oic” acid

41
Q

when are esters formed?

A

after an esterification reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

42
Q

how do we identify halogenated hydrocarbons?

A

a halogen will be bonded to a carbon

43
Q

how do we identify alcohols?

A

it will contain a hydroxide

44
Q

how do we identify a carboxylic acid?

A

it will contain a double bonded oxygen, single bonded oxygen and a hydrogen

45
Q

how do we identify an ester?

A

it will contain a double bonded oxygen, single bonded oxygen and a second organic group

Science 30 (5 decks)

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