organic chemistry

Question 1

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

the simplest type of organic compound, containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

what is a hydrocarbon derivative?

Answer 2

organic molecules consisting of a hydrocarbon and a functional group

Question 3

how many bond sites does carbon have?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

what is an alkane?

Answer 4

a saturated hydrocarbon, it has no double bonds or triple bonds.

Question 5

what is the formula for an alkane?

Answer 5

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 6

what is the suffix for an alkane?

Answer 6

“-ane”

Question 7

what is an alkene?

Answer 7

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one double bond but no triple bonds

Question 8

what is the formula for alkenes?

Answer 8

C(n)H(2n)

Question 9

what is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 9

“-ene”

Question 10

what is an alkyne?

Answer 10

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one triple bond

Question 11

what is the formula for alkynes?

Answer 11

C(n)H(2n-2)

Question 12

what is the suffix for alkynes?

Answer 12

“-yne”

Question 13

which type of hydrocarbons are are unsaturated?

Answer 13

alkenes and alkynes

Question 14

which type of hydrocarbons are saturated?

Answer 14

alkanes

Question 15

which type of hydrocarbons have no double or triple bonds?

Answer 15

alkanes

Question 16

which type of hydrocarbons have double bonds?

Answer 16

alkenes

Question 17

which type of hydrocarbons have triple bonds?

Answer 17

alkynes

Question 18

what is a benzene?

Answer 18

a 6 carbon structure that has alternating double and single bonds

Question 19

what is the chemical formula for a benzene ring?

Answer 19

C6H6(l)

Question 20

what is an aromatic compound?

Answer 20

any compound that contains a benzene ring

Question 21

what does POP stand for?

Answer 21

persistent organic pollutant

Question 22

what is considered a POP?

Answer 22

a compound containing a benzene ring

Question 23

why is a benzene ring considered a POP?

Answer 23

because they are extremely stable and persistent in the environment

Question 24

what is a benzene derivative?

Answer 24

a compound with benzene and another element such as halogens of alcohols

Question 25

what are sources of benzene in the environment?

Answer 25

oil, gas, pesticides, fungicides, etc.

Question 26

what is a halogenated hydrocarbon?

Answer 26

when a halogen (F, Br, I, Cl) attaches to an organic group

Question 27

what is the functional group of halogenated hydrocarbons?

Answer 27

halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

Question 28

what is the general formula for halogenated hydrocarbons?

Answer 28

R-Q R: organic group Q: halogen

Question 29

what is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 29

hydroxyl

Question 30

what is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 30

carboxyl

Question 31

what is the functional group of esters?

Answer 31

ester

Question 32

what is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 32

R-OH R: organic group OH: hydroxyl

Question 33

what is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

Answer 33

R-COOH R: organic group COOH: carboxyl

Question 34

what is the general formula for esters?

Answer 34

R-COO-R' R: organic group COO: ester R': organic group

Question 35

how do we name halogenated hydrocarbons?

Answer 35

1. name the longest carbon chain as a hydrocarbon 2. name the halogen and add "-o" as the suffix 3. list and number the halogens alphabetically

Question 36

what does anthropogenic mean?

Answer 36

human caused

Question 37

what is a methyl group?

Answer 37

a shorter carbon chain coming off of the parent carbon chain

Question 38

how do we name methyl groups?

Answer 38

1. prefix: identify the number of carbons and use the same prefixes used for the parent chain 2. suffix: "-yl" 3. if there is more than one methyl group use molecular compound prefixes 4. identify what carbon the methyl group(s) are on

Question 39

how do we name alcohols?

Answer 39

1. identify the carbon the hydroxyl group is on and add the number as a suffix 2. add "-ol" as the suffix

Question 40

how do we name carboxylic acids?

Answer 40

name the hydrocarbon normally then change the suffix of the to "-oic" acid

Question 41

when are esters formed?

Answer 41

after an esterification reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

Question 42

how do we identify halogenated hydrocarbons?

Answer 42

a halogen will be bonded to a carbon

Question 43

how do we identify alcohols?

Answer 43

it will contain a hydroxide

Question 44

how do we identify a carboxylic acid?

Answer 44

it will contain a double bonded oxygen, single bonded oxygen and a hydrogen

Question 45

how do we identify an ester?

Answer 45

it will contain a double bonded oxygen, single bonded oxygen and a second organic group