Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 2

What 2 types of hydrocarbons are there?

Answer 2

Alkanes: C-C (saturated)
Alkenes: C=C (unsaturated)

Question 3

Suffix for alkanes?

Answer 3

ane

Question 4

Suffix for alkenes?

Answer 4

ene

Question 5

General formula for Alkanes?

Answer 5

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 6

General formula for Alkenes?

Answer 6

C(n)H(2n)

Question 7

Prefixes for hydrocarbons?

Answer 7

1: Meth
2: Eth
3: Prop
4: But
5: Pent

Question 8

How many covalent bond does a carbon have?

Answer 8

Four

Question 9

How many covalent bonds does a hydrogen have?

Answer 9

One

Question 10

What happens to carbon & hydrogen during complete combustion of alkanes?

Answer 10

Carbon: Oxidised to make carbon dioxide
Hydrogen: Oxidized to make water

Question 11

Word equation for complete combustion of alkanes?

Answer 11

Alkane + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 12

What happens when there is incomplete combustion in alkanes?

Answer 12

Carbon oxidises to carbom monoxide instead of CO2.

Question 13

What’s a functional group?

Answer 13

A specific set of atoms within a molecule that determine the characteristics of that molecule.

Question 14

Examples of functional groups?

Answer 14

C=C: Alkenes
OH: Alcohols (Hydroxyl Group)
COOH: Carboxyl Group

Question 15

What’s an addition reaction?

Answer 15

Molecules combine to form a bigger molecule with no byproducts.

Question 16

Which hydrocarbons can undergo addition reactions?

Answer 16

Alkenes because they have a C=C bond which can break down into single bonds with other molecules.

Question 17

Alkenes addition reactions with hydrogen word equation?
Example?

Answer 17

Alkene + Hydrogen –> Alkane

Ethene + Hydrogen –> Ethane

Question 18

What’s an alcohol?

Answer 18

Homologous series which forms part of the OH (hydroxyl) functional group.

Question 19

Suffix for alcohols?

Answer 19

ol

Question 20

What’s the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 20

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

Question 21

What’s a carboxylic acid?

Answer 21

Homologous series which forms part of the -COOH (carboxylic) group.

Question 22

How do you name carboxylic acids?

Answer 22

hydrocarbon prefix + antic acid

E.g. ethanoic acid

Question 23

General formula for carboxylic acids?

Answer 23

C(n)H(2n+1)COOH

Question 24

How are carboxylic acids made?

Answer 24

Alcohols that are oxidized become carboxylic acids.

Question 25

Ethanol to Ethanoic acid symbol & word equations?

Answer 25

Ethanol + Oxygen --> Ethanoic acid + Water C2H5OH + 2O --> C2H5COOH + H2O

Question 26

Acid + Metal --> ?

Answer 26

Acid + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen

Question 27

Acid + Alkali --> ?

Answer 27

Acid + Alkali --> Salt + Water

Question 28

Acid + Carbonates --> ?

Answer 28

Acid - Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

Question 29

What will be created when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?

Answer 29

Ethanoic acid + Sodium carbonate --> Sodium ethanoate + Water + Carbon dioxide

Question 30

What will carboxylic acids go into when formed into a salt?

Answer 30

Prefix + anoate E.g. Ethanoate

Question 31

What is crude oil?

Answer 31

Fossil fuels that is made of remains of marine organisms. Mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 32

What happens the more carbons there are in a hydrocarbon?

Answer 32

- Higher boiling points - Stronger inter-molecular forces

Question 33

How are hydrocarbons separated from one another in crude oil?

Answer 33

Fractional distillation

Question 34

How does fractional distillation work in hydrocarbons?

Answer 34

- Fractionating column has temperature difference, (top = colder, bottom = hotter) - Hydrocarbons condense at a certain level (different boiling points) and come out as liquids, at their fraction. - Small hydrocarbons (Methane-Butane) leave as gas - Big hydrocarbons are left at the bottom.

Question 35

What is cracking?

Answer 35

Splitting long hydrocarbons into more useful (smaller) hydrocarbons.

Question 36

How is cracking done?

Answer 36

At high temperatures and with a catalyst, it breaks down the carbon bonds, and splits into smaller hydrocarbons.

Question 37

What are addition polymers?

Answer 37

Polymers made from long molecules joined together through addition reactions.