Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Homologous series

Answer 1

A group of compounds with the same general formula and contain the same functional groups

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Organic compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only.

Question 3

General formula of alkanes

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

General formula of alkenes

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

General formula of alkynes

Answer 5

CnH2n-2

Question 6

Unsaturated compounds

Answer 6

Compounds that contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms

Question 7

Primary alcohol

Answer 7

Hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon bonded to only one other carbon

Question 8

Secondary alcohol

Answer 8

Hydroxyl group is bonded to a Carbon that is bonded to two other Carbons

Question 9

Tertiary alcohol

Answer 9

Hydroxyl group is bonded to a Carbon bonded to three other Carbon atoms

Question 10

Bromine water with alkenes vs alkanes

Answer 10

Unsaturated compounds discolour bromine water whereas saturated compounds do not.

Question 11

Reaction conditions for Hydrohalogenation

Answer 11

No water may be present

Question 12

Hydration

Answer 12

Alkene + water —> alcohol

Question 13

Reaction conditions for Hydration

Answer 13

Excess water
Presence of a catalyst (Sulphuric acid)
Mild heat

Question 14

Reaction conditions for Hydrogenation

Answer 14

Th addition of diatomic H atom
A catalyst (Pt, Ni, Pd)
Alkene must be dissolved in a non polar solvent

Question 15

Dehydrohalogenation

Answer 15

Haloalkane —> alkene + metal halide + H20 (strong base)

Question 16

Reaction conditions for Dehydrohalogenation

Answer 16

Heat under reflux
Concentrated strong base (NaOH)

Question 17

Reaction conditions for Dehydration

Answer 17

An excess of a strong acid catalyst (H2SO4)
High temperatures

Question 18

Reaction conditions for Cracking

Answer 18

High temperatures and pressures
Low temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst

Question 19

Reaction conditions for Hydrolysis

Answer 19

mild heat
A dilute strong base (NaOH/KOH)
The solution must be aqueous

Question 20

Reaction conditions for the formation of haloalkane from alkanes

Answer 20

Energy in the form of light (UV light)

Question 21

Melting point

Answer 21

The temperature at which a substances solid and liquid states are in equilibrium

Question 22

Boiling point

Answer 22

The temperature at which a substances vapour pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

Question 23

Vapour pressure

Answer 23

The pressure exerted by a substance in equilibrium with a solid or liquid in a closed container at a given temperature

Question 24

Viscosity

Answer 24

The resistance of a fluid to flow or change its shape

Question 25

IMF found between ketones and alderhydes

Answer 25

Dipole-dipole bonds

Question 26

IMF found in alkanes

Answer 26

London dispersion forces

Question 27

IMF found in carboxylic acids and alcohol

Answer 27

Hydrogen bonds

Question 28

Melting point

Answer 28

The temperature at which a substances solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium

Question 29

Boiling point

Answer 29

The temperature at which a substances vapour pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

Question 30

Vapour pressure

Answer 30

The pressure exerted by a substances in equilibrium with a solid or liquid in a closed container at a given temperature

Question 31

IMF found in Hydrocarbons

Answer 31

London dispersion forces

Question 32

IMF found in ketones and aldehyde

Answer 32

Dipole-dipole forces

Question 33

IMF found in carboxylic acids and alcohol

Answer 33

Hydrogen bonds

Question 34

Functional group of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 34

Carbonyl group

Question 35

Functional group found in alcohol

Answer 35

Hydroxyl group

Question 36

Functional group of carboxylic acid and esters

Answer 36

Carboxylic group