Organic chemistry Flashcards
(21 cards)
Functional group of alkanes
single bonds
functional group of alkenes
carbon double bond
functional group of alkynes
carbon-carbon triple bond
functional group of alcohols
hydroxyl (-O-H)
functional group of carboxylic acids
carboxyl group (H-O-C=O)
functional group of esters
carboxyl group in the middle (O-C=O=C)
functional group of aldehydes
formyl group (h-c=o) at end
functional group of ketones
carbonyl group
functional group of alkyl halides
hallide group
conditions for esterification
heat and H2SO4 catylist
conditions for substitution reaction (halogenation)
UV light, sunlight or heat
conditions for substitution reaction (alcohols with hydrogen halides)
Primary/secondary: conc. H2SO4 and heat
Tertiary: room temp
conditions for substitution reaction (hydrolysis)
ethanoic solution of strong base & heat
conditions for addition reaction (hydrogenation)
Pt, Pd or Ni catalyst
conditions for addition reaction (halogenation)
unreactive solvent
conditions for addition reaction (hydrohalogenation)
no water present
conditions for addition reaction (hydration)
H2SO4 or H3PO4 catalyst
conditions for elimination reaction (dehydrohalogenation)
heat under reflux, conc NaOH in ethanol
conditions for elimination reaction (dehydration of alcohol)
heat under reflux & H2SO4 or H3PO4 catalyst
conditions for elimination reaction (dehydrogenation)
Pt catalyst & heat
conditions for elimination reaction (cracking)
heat & high pressure
