Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What exerts a greater repulsive force on the molecular shape, lone pair electrons, or pairs in bonds?

Answer 1

Lone pair electrons

Question 2

What does ‘tetravalent’ mean?

Answer 2

Having 4 bonds

Question 3

What does the molecular formula show?

Answer 3

The number of atoms of each element present in a molecule

Question 4

What does the empirical formula show?

Answer 4

The simplest ratio of each element in a compound

Question 5

What does the condensed structural formula/semi-structural formula show?

Answer 5

The arrangement of all the atoms, without showing the bonds.

Question 6

What does VSEPR theory stand for?

Answer 6

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory

Question 7

What is VSEPR theory used for?

Answer 7

Drawing molecules with correct shape.

Question 8

What is a functional group?

Answer 8

A group of atoms attached to a carbon compound that gives it characteristic reactions

Question 9

What is nomenclature?

Answer 9

A set of rules used to generate systematic names for chemical compounds

Question 10

What is a hydrocarbon made up of?

Answer 10

Only carbon and hydrogen

Question 11

What is the functional group of an alkane?

Answer 11

Contains only single bonds

Question 12

Which type of compound has no functional group - i.e. only single bonds

Answer 12

Alkanes

Question 13

What is the functional group of an alkene?

Answer 13

Double bond

Question 14

Which type of compound has the functional group: ‘double bond’?

Answer 14

Alkene

Question 15

What is the functional group of and alkyne?

Answer 15

Triple bond

Question 16

Which type of compound has the functional group: ‘triple bond’?

Answer 16

Alkyne

Question 17

What is the functional group of an aromatic compound?

Answer 17

Carbon ring (or phenyl group)

Question 18

Which type of compound has the functional group: ‘carbon ring’?

Answer 18

Aromatic compound

Question 19

What is the general structure of an alkane?

Answer 19

C[n]H[2n+2]

Question 20

What is the general structure of an alkene?

Answer 20

C{n}H{2n}

Question 21

What is the general structure of an alkyne?

Answer 21

C{n}H{2n-2}

Question 22

What is the general structure of an aromatic compound?

Answer 22

C{n}H{2n}

Question 23

What is the general structure of an alcohol?

Answer 23

C{n}H{2n+1}OH

Question 24

Which functional group do alcohols have?

Answer 24

hydroxyl groups i.e. -OH

Question 25

How many lone electron pairs are in a hydroxyl group, and which element are they attached to?

Answer 25

Oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons. The other two bonds are made with carbon and hydrogen.

Question 26

What functional group do amines have?

Answer 26

amino groups -NH{2}, NHR, NRR'

Question 27

How many lone pair electrons are in an amino group, and which element are they attached to?

Answer 27

Nitrogen has 1 set of lone pair electrons. The pther bonds are made with a combination of R groups and hydrogen atoms.