Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Naming steps under IUPAC

Answer 1

1) Identify longeset carbon chain containing highest order functional group, called the parent chain, to determine the root of the name
2) number the chain, with the highest priority functional group to have the lowest number, and if all substituents have the same priority take their numbers as low as possible
3) name the substituents (these are functional groups that are not part of the parent chain), a substituent’s name will be placed at the beginning of the compound name as prefix followed by the name of the longest chain)
4) assign a number to each substituent, pair the sbustituentts toehe corresponding numbers in the parent chain
5) complete the name - names always bgin with the sbustituents in alphabetical order, with each substituent preceded by its number (prefixes like di, tri, tetra or hyphenated prefixxes like n- tert-) are ignored.

Question 2

the more oxidized the carbon is….

Answer 2

…the higher priority is has in the moleculea

Question 3

If there is a tie between assigning priority in a molecule with double and triple bonds, then….

Answer 3

the double bond takes precedence

Question 4

alkanes

Answer 4

simple hydrocarbon molecules with the formula CnH(2n+2), names include methane (1 carbon), ethane (2 carbons), propane (3 carbons), butane (4 carbons), then pentane hexane heptane octane, nonane decatne

Question 5

halogens are common substituents on alkanes. alkyl halides are indicated by what type of prefix?

Answer 5

their name, one of the 5 (bromo-, fluoro-, chloro-, iodo-,astato-)

Question 6

Alkenes and alkynes

Answer 6

represent a double or triple bond respectively

Question 7

alcohol

Answer 7

OH, named by replaceing -e on the name of the corresponding alkane with -ol, hydroxyl group gets highest priority because of higher oxidation state of carbon so it gets lowest possible number

Question 8

diols and glycols

Answer 8

alcohols with 2 hydroxyl grouops, indicated with suffix -diol

Question 9

aldehydes

Answer 9

chain terminating carbonyl groups with a carbon double bonded to an oxygen, becaues it is a terminal functional group that takes precendence over many others generally attached to carbon number 1, named by replacing the -e of the parent alkane with the suffix -al

Question 10

ketones

Answer 10

contain a carbonyl group somewhere in the middle of a carbon chain, named by replacing -e of the parent alkane with the suffix -one