Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry paper 2 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which functional group ends in ane

A

Alkanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which functionality group ends in ene

A

Alkenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What functional group ends in anol

A

Alcohols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ehat functional group ends in anoic acid

A

Carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What functional group ends in amine

A

Amines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What functional group ends in yl ethanoate

A

Esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are most hydrocarbons found in code oil?

A

Alkanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are alkane used as

A

Raw materials and fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is he general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are alkanes saturated hydrocarbons

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon which has as many hydrogen atoms as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are alkanes a homologous series

A

Yes so they have similar chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are physical properties of alkanes affected by how many carbons are present

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What affects the physical properties of alkanes

A

Their physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does a longer carbon chain increase the boiling point

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do more intermolecular forces in alkanes cause

A

Higher density - Higher viscosity - Higher boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can large hydrocarbons be broken into

A

Smaller more useful hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is needed to crack alkanes

A

Heta to vaporised- vapour passed over a hit catalyst - mixed with steam and then heated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is cracking alkanes

A

The thermal decomposition of long chain molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the benefits of cracking alkanes

A

Increases supply of smaller more useful alkanes - increases supply of feedstock for making plastics - it reduces waste as more fractions are used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does cracking produce definite products

A

No as different combinations can be made from the same hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When long chain hydrocarbons are cracked what do they produce

A

An alkane and an alkene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the properties of alkanes

A

Saturated hydrocarbons- not all carbons are bonded with a single covalent bond - contain a C=C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the properties of alkenes

A

All have a C=C bond - unsaturated hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
26
What does an unsaturated hydrocarbon mean
They don't have the maximum amount of hydrogens
27
What si the test for unsaturation
Add bromine water - goes from orange to colourless - bromine displaces hydrogen in alkenes ONLY
28
What type of reaction is the test for unsaturated
Addition reaction
29
What type of reaction is cracking
Thermal decomposition
30
Define fossil fuels
A mixture made from fossilised plant and animal remnants from millions of years ago
31
Describe the formation of coal
Planta die and fall into swamps - swamps have no oxygen so they don't decompose - get buried under sediment - heat and pressure turn them into peat and then coal
32
Describe the formation of oil and gas
Sea creatures and plankton die - fall to the sea bed - remains are covered in layers of sediment - no oxygen so don't decompose as normal - buried deep underground - turn into kerogen then oil or gas
33
What is a mixture
Two or more elements or compounds NOT chemically joined together
34
What is crude oil
A mixture of thousands of different molecules made up of compounds containing mainly hydrogen and carbon
35
What needs to happen to crude oil for it to be useful
It must be separated into different components
36
What is crude oil used to make
Fuels for transportation - medicines - plastics and other polymers
37
Is crude oil renewable
No
38
As the size of molecules increases what happens to the boiling point
It increases
39
When molecule size increases what happens to the viscosity
It increases
40
As molecule size increases what happens to volatility (tenancy to turn into gas)
It decreases
41
As molecules increases in size what happens to how easy it is to ignite
It decreases
42
As molecules increase in size what happens to the efficiency of burning
It decreases
43
As the size of molecules increases what happens to how sooty the flame is
It increases
44
What is the order of oils in size of molecules increasing
Petrol- diesel - lubricating oil - bitumen
45
Where does fractional distillation take place
In a fractioning column
46
Describe how fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions
The chain length affects the properties - fractions with small chain lengths have fewer IMF of attraction - it takes less energy to spectate the molecules (turn into gas) - fractions with longer chain lengths have more IMF forces of attraction - takes more energy to separate the molecules
47
What happens when a fuel reacts with oxygen
Combustion
48
What happens with electrons when something is oxidised
Electrons are lost
49
Why is carbon monoxide produced
Around 20% oxygen - nit enough for complete combustion so CO (carbon monoxide) is produced and soot .
50
What does incomplete combustion produce
Carbon monoxide and soot through incomplete combustion
51
Describe carbon monoxide
Colourless odourless toxic gas Which binds to the haemoglobin in the blood and stops it from carrying oxygen
52
What does soot cause
Contributes to smog and can exacerbate lung conditions
53
What colour does blue cobalt chloride paper turn in the presence of water
Pink in presence of water
54
What is addition polymerisation used to make
Plastic
55
What is a plastic
Made from polymers and polymers are made from monomers
56
Whats needed to make plastics (addition polymerisation)
High pressures and a catalyst
57
What happens during an addition polymerisation reaction
The double bond opens up to form a single bond
58
What is polyethene
Flexible - melting point of 120 degrees used for plastic bags and drink bottles
59
What is polypropene
Tough flexible - melting point of 160 degrees used for ropes, crated and buckets
60
Is a polymer a large molecule
Yes as lots of polymer chains together make a plastic
61
What is the reaction called which makes polymers from monomers
Polymerisation
62
What do alkanes form
Fuels
63
What do alkenes form
Plastics and polymers
64
What does cracking enable
Oil refinery to balance supply with demand and it reduces waste of longer alkane molecules
65
What is a homologous series
A family of organic compounds with the same functionality group with similar properties reactions and a general formula
66
Do Alkenes burn to form carbon dioxide and water
Yes
67
What type of flame do alkenes burn with
A smokies yellow flame
68
Alkenes transfer less energy so
They aren't used a fuels
69
Alkenes are unsaturated so how do you make them saturated
By adding a hydrogen molecule this required heat and a catalyst
70
What is Hydrogenation
Addi g hydroge which increases the boiling point because of the single bond making it spreadable
71
What alkene is used to make ethanol
Ethene
72
What is ethanol used for
Fuel or an industrial solvent
73
What are the products for ethanol
Ethane and steam
74
Is making ethanol a reversible process
Yes
75
Why is making ethanol reversible an advantage
Any unreached ethane can be recycled
76
When making ethanol what is required
Heat, catalyst, pressure
77
What are the two methods of making ethanol
Fermentation and hydration
78
What is required for hydration
Heat pressure and a catalyst
79
What is required for fermentation
Warm damp anaerobic conditions with enzymes
80
How us fermentation produces (batch of continous)
Batch
81
How is hydration produced (bath or continually)
Continually
82
Describe the process if fermentation
Starch is extracted from corn and the glucose is mixed with yeast It then ferments to form Ethanol and carbon dioxide
83
Describe the process of hydration
Crude oil is refined through fractional distillation or cracking this produces ether which is added to steam to produce ethanol - no waste products

Chemistry paper 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions