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A Chemistry IGCSE course > Organic chemistry > Flashcards

Organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are:

hydrocarbons

A

Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

What are:

Saturated molecules

A

molecules containing only single carbon bonds

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3
Q

What are:

Unsaturated molecules

A

A molecule containg at least a double C=C bond

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4
Q

What is a:

Homologous series

A

A family of compounds that have:
* similar chemical properties
* differ by a CH2 group
* trends in physical characterstics
* same general formula
* same functional group

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5
Q

What is a:

functional group

A

an atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a molecule

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6
Q

What is a:

General formula

A

An algebraic expression showing the number of C and H atoms that each member of a homologous series has

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7
Q

What is a:

Structural isomer

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

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8
Q

What is:

Combustion

A

Chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with products and heat

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9
Q

What is:

Substitution

A

When an atom/group of atoms gets replaced by another

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10
Q

What is:

Addition

A

Whne two molecules add together to form one molecule by breaking a double bond

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11
Q

What is:

Cracking

A

A process in which long-chain hydrocarbons are turned into short-chain hydrocarbons and alkenes.

This is to match the higher demand for shorter hydrocarbons compared to long hydrocarbons

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12
Q

What is the:

structure of hydrocarbons

A

simple covalent

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13
Q

what are the:

startings for molecules with 1-8 carbons

A
  1. meth
  2. eth
  3. prop
  4. but
  5. pent
  6. hex
  7. sept
  8. oct
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14
Q

Name 3 different:

homologous series

A

aclols
alkenes
alkanes

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15
Q

What is required for:

a substitution reaction with alkanes to happen

A

UV light to provide extra energy to the bond so it can break

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16
Q

PRACTICE NAMING AND DRAWING ALKANES AND ALKENES

A
17
Q

What is each:

fraction in crude oil

A

A mixture of different hydrocarbons with around the same boiling point

18
Q

What is the process of:

collecting different fractions of crude oil

A
  1. crude oil is heated and turned into a gas before it goes into the column
  2. there is a temperature gradient in the column, with the bottom being hotter than the top
  3. all the different fractions of crude oil have different boiling points because they have different chain lengths
  4. the crude oil rises up the column and cools down until it reaches boiling point into a liquid
  5. each fraction condenses at a different height so it can be collected seperately
19
Q

How is:

NO/NO2 formed

A

formed in car engines due to high temperatures in car engines
forms acid rain

20
Q

What are:

Polymers

A

Long chains that are formed from molecules with double carbon bonds breaking up and joining to another carbon.

21
Q

What are the different:

Polymers

required to know for IGCSE

A

Poly(ethene)
Poly(propene)
Poly(tetrafluoroethene)
poly(vinylchloride)/PVC

22
Q

Poly(ethene)

A

High density
used for strength and rigidity
HDPE

23
Q

Poly(Propene)

A

Stronger than poly ethene and used for ropes and crates

24
Q

poly(tetrafluoroethene)

A

Made from tetrafluorine which is like ethene, but with fluorine instead of hydrogen
used as a non-stick coating for pots and pans
unreactive due to strong carbon and fluorine bonds

25
Q

PVC

A

poly vinyl chloride has recycling sign PET/PP
made from chloroethane
strong and rigid, and can be flexible if plasticisers are added

26
Q

What is the difference between:

monomers and polymers

A

a monomer is a small molecule
a polymer is a long-chain molecule made up of a repeated pattern of monomers

27
Q

Combustion word equation

A

fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

28
Q

What are the conditions required for:

Cracking

A

Catalyst Enzyme Silica
600-700 degrees

29
Q

Rules when drawing displayed formulae

A
  • Each line shows a bond, so make carbon bonds from crabon to carbon
  • Show the structural formulae
  • Use two lines for double bond

A Chemistry IGCSE course (14 decks)

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