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Organic Chemistry Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

alkene to polyalkene

A

high pressure catalyst
- polymerisation

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2
Q

alkene to dihalogenoalkane

A

Br2/Cl2
room temp
electrophilic addition

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3
Q

dihalogenoalkane to diol

A

KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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4
Q

alkene to diol

A

KMnO4
oxidation

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5
Q

alkene to alkane

A

H2
Nickel Catalyst
addition/reduction

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6
Q

alkene to dihalogenoalkane

A

Br2/Cl2
UV light
free radical substitution

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7
Q

alkene to halogenoalkane

A

HBr/HCl
rook temp
electrophilic addition

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8
Q

halogenoalkane to alkene

A

KOH
alcoholic
heat under reflux
elimination

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9
Q

alkene to alcohol

A

H2O steam
concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst

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10
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

conc H3PO4
elimination
dehydration

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11
Q

alcohol to halogenoalkane

A

PCl5, NaBr/H2SO4, P + I2
heat under reflux
substitution

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12
Q

halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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13
Q

alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7/H+
primary: heat gently and distil partial oxidation

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14
Q

alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/H+
secondary: heat under reflux
oxidation

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15
Q

aldehyde to alcohol

A

LiAlH4
reduction

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16
Q

ketone to alcohol

A

LiAlH4
reduction

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17
Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN + KCN
nucleophilic substitution

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18
Q

ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN + KCN
nucleophilic substitution

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19
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H+
heat under reflux
excess oxidising agent
oxidation

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20
Q

carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LiAlH4
reduction

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21
Q

carb acid to ester

A

alcohol + H2SO4
heat
esterification

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22
Q

carb acid to acyl chloride

A

PCl5

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23
Q

acyl chloride to carb acid

A

H2O room temp

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24
Q

acyl chloride to ester

Study These Flashcards
A

alcohol
room temp

25
alcohol to ester
carb acid + H2SO4 heat esterification
26
what are esters and amides hydrolysed by
NaOH and acids
27
acyl chloride to primary amide
NH3 room temp
28
acyl chloride to secondary amide
primary amine room temp
29
halogenoalkane to amine
alcoholic NH3 heat under pressure nucleophilic substitution
30
halogenoalkane to nitrile
CN- in ethanol/water mixture nucleophilic substitution
31
nitrile to amine
LiAlH4 reduction
32
amine to secondary amide
acyl chloride room temp Nu add/elim
33
amine to secondary and tertiary amine
halogenoalkane NuSub
34
nitrile to carb acid
acid hydrolysis heat with HCl
35
benzene ring to cycloalkane
hydrogen nickel catalyst
36
benzene to bromobenzene
electrophilic sub Br2 FeBr3 catalyst
37
benzene to ethylbenzene
chloroalkane and anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst
38
benzene to nitrobenzene
conc nitric acid + conc sulphuric acid electrophilic sub
39
nitrobenzene to phenylamine
tin and HCl reduction
40
phenylamine to n-benzylmethylamine
CH3Cl NuSub
41
phenylamine to n-phenylethanamide
CH3COCl
42
benzene to 1-phenylethanone
acyl chloride in presence of AlCl3 catalyst electrophilic sub HEAT UNDER REFLUX
43
1-phenylethanone to 1-phenylethan-1-ol
LiAlH4 reduction Nu Add
44
1-phenylethan-1-ol to ester
relevant carboxylic acid sulfuric acid heat esterification
45
ketone (benzene ring) to hydroxynitrile (benzene ring)
NaCN + sulfuric acid Nu Add
46
hydroxynitrile (benzene ring) --> CN group changes to COOH, but keep OH
HCl heat
47
Preparing amines from nitriles ALIPHATIC
1. convert halogenoalkane to nitrile by KCN in aq ethanol and reflux 2. react the nitrile with LiAlH4 in dry ether to reduce to amine
48
Preparing amines in one step ALIPHATIC
Halogenoalkane + ammonia - will form secondary, and tertiary etc. - to prevent react with excess ammonia. - ammonia is dissolved in ethanol
49
preparing a polyamide what are the ways + side products
1. diacyl dichloride + diamine (HCl) 2. dicarboxylic acid + diamine (H2O) NEEDS CATALYST!!
50
hydrolysis of polyamides and polyesters
NaOH/H+ - gives the starting reactants BUT carb acid and amine groups can be in salt form and that salt depends on the conditions under which hydrolysed.
51
Amino acids in neutral solution
NH3+ CO2-
52
Hydrolysis of dipeptides
NaOH/H+ - gives the two amino acids BUT chains are deprotonated/protonated depending on the conditions
53
Amino acids with COOH side chain + alcohol
Esterification forming an ester
54
Amino acids with amine group + acyl chloride
The NH2 form secondary amides
55
Amine + HCl
Ammonium Chloride salt
56
Amine + H2SO4
(CH3NH3+)SO42-
57
Converting from ammonium salt to amine
NaOH
58
Sodium phenoxide two ways to make? Give side products and give the structure of sodium phenoxide.
Phenol + Na (1/2H2) OR Phenol + NaOH (H2O)

Chemistry (3 decks)

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