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Chemistry Core Questions > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What’s a hydrocarbon

A

A compound made from hydrogen and carbon only

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2
Q

How’s a crude oil formed

A

Ancient biomass that has been subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years

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3
Q

What’s an alkane

A

Hydrocarbons containing only single C to C bonds

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4
Q

First 4 alkanes

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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5
Q

General formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

Explain the relationship between carbon chain length and boiling point for organic molecules

A

Long chain length means higher boiling point as the strength of the intermolecular forces increase this means more energy is needed to separate the molecules

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7
Q

How does viscosity depend on carbon chain length

A

The longer the chain, the more viscous the compound

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8
Q

How does flammability depend on carbon chain length

A

The longer the chain the less flammable the compound

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9
Q

How are alkanes in crude oil separated

A

Fractional distillation

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10
Q

5 useful products from crude oil

A

Fuel
Lubricants
Detergents
Polymers
Solvents

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11
Q

Cracking

A

Breaking down large hydrocarbons into smaller ones

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12
Q

Conditions for cracking?

A

High temp and steam
Or a catalyst

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13
Q

What are the products of cracking

A

Smaller chain alkanes and Alkenes

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14
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Hydrocarbons that contain at least one C=C double bond

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15
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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16
Q

First four alkenes

A

Ethane
Probene
Butene
Pentene

17
Q

What are alkenes used for

A

To make polymers and as feedstock

18
Q

Test for alkenes

A

Brewing water turns from orange to colorless if a double bond is present

19
Q

What’s a functional group

A

A part of a compound that determines its chemical properties

20
Q

What are alchohols

A

A group of compounds with the OH minus functional group

21
Q

How are alcohols made

A

By reacting steam with an Alane through fermentation

22
Q

Conditions required for fermentation

A

Yeast, sugar, warm and no oxygen (anaerobic)

23
Q

The first 4 alcohols

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

24
Q

Products of the reaction between an alcohol and sodium

A

Hydrogen and alkoxide

25
Q

What’s the product when alcohol is oxidized

A

Carboxylic acid

26
Q

What’s carboxylic acid

A

Compound with functional group -COOH

27
Q

The first 4 carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid

28
Q

General equation for carboxylic acid and metal carbonate

A

Salt plus water plus carbon dioxide

29
Q

What’s made when an alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid

A

An ester

30
Q

Carboxylic acids are weak acids what does this mean

A

They only partly ionize when in a solution

31
Q

What is the product of the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol

A

Ethyl ethanoate

Chemistry Core Questions (15 decks)

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