Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is crude oil

Answer 1

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

How does fractional distillation separates crude oil into fraction

Answer 2

Crude oil is heated to vaporize the different hydrocarbons in a tank which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom. The vapors then rise and the different hydrocarbons condense at their specific boiling points, allowing them to be separated.

Question 3

What is the boiling point of the refinery gases and what are they used for

Answer 3

below 30 degrees

Uses for fuel

Question 4

What is the boiling point of gasoline and what is it used for

Answer 4

between 30 and 200 degrees

Used for vehicle engines

Question 5

What is the boiling point of the kerosene/paraffin and what is it used for

Answer 5

between 200 and 250 degrees

Used for cooking, lighting, and heating

Question 6

What is the boiling point of diesel and what can it be used for

Answer 6

between 250 and 300 degrees

Used in diesel engine

Question 7

What is the boiling point of jet fuel

Answer 7

between 350 and 400 degrees

Used for jet fuel

Question 8

What is the boiling point of bitumen and what is it used for

Answer 8

400 + degrees

Used for industrial purposes such as building roads and construction

Question 9

what happens the further down the fractional column (3 things)

Answer 9

temperature increases

colour: at bottom = black
the middle = brown/yellow
at the top = colourless

Going down - becomes more viscous

Question 10

What is empircal formula

Answer 10

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
e.g: C2 H6 0

Question 11

9,1 and 2

Question 12

What is displayed formula

Answer 12

A type of structural isomer that shows all the bonds between every atom in the compound
H H
I I
e.g: C = C
I I
H H

Question 13

What is the general formula of Alkanes

Answer 13

Cn H 2n+2

Question 14

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons and why

Answer 14

They are saturated as they contain no double bonds

Question 15

What is a homologous series

Answer 15

a family of HYDROCARBONS with SIMILAIR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES and FUNCTIONS who share the same GENERAL FORMULA

Question 16

What is a functional group

Answer 16

a particular group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties that give the molecule its function and are responsible for how it reacts

Question 17

What is isomerism

Answer 17

the existence of molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 18

14. Understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkanes with up to six carbon atoms in the molecule

Question 19

Name the alkanes increasing in length up to 6 carbon atoms in the molecule

Answer 19

2) Ethane
3) Propane
4) Butane
5) Pentane
6) Hexane

Question 20

What is a fuel

Answer 20

A substance that when burned, releases heat energy

Question 21

What is the equation of a complete combustion reaction of hydrocarbons

Answer 21

Alkane + Oxygen (02)
————–>
carbon dioxide (C02)
+ Water (H20)

Question 22

What are the equation of an incomplete combustion reaction of hydrocarbons

Answer 22

Alkane + Oxygen (02)
————–>
carbon monoxide (C0)
+ Water (H20)
+ Carbon

Question 23

How does carbon monoxide (poisonous) effect the body

Answer 23

It effects the capacity of blood to
transport oxygen

Question 24

What makes the high temperature in car engines needed

Answer 24

so nitrogen and oxygen from the air can react forming oxides of nitrogen

Question 25

19,20,21

Question 26

How does cracking work

Answer 26

heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts.

Question 27

What is needed for cracking to take place

Answer 27

silica or alumina as the catalyst and a temperature in the range of 600–700 degrees

Question 28

Why is cracking in high demand

Answer 28

Since cracking converts larger hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons, the supply of fuels is improved

Question 29

What functional group do alkenes contain

Answer 29

Having a double bond between two carbon atoms

Question 30

What is the general formula for alkenes

Answer 30

Cn + H 2n

Question 31

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons and why

Answer 31

They are unsaturated hydrocarbons as they contain a double bond

Question 32

Know how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkenes with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule

Question 33

name all the alkenes with up to six carbon atoms

Answer 33

2) Ethene
3) Propene
4) Butane
5) Pentene
6) Hexene

Question 34

Describe the reactions of alkenes with bromine to produce dibromoalkanes

Answer 34

the double bond of the alkene breaks and the bromine atoms fill the place of the now missing places
H…..H——————->H…..H
I ……I———————>I…….I
C = C—————>Br - C = C - Br
I ……I———————>I…….I
H…..H——————->H…..H
Ethene ——-> Dibromoethane

Question 35

how can bromine water be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene

Answer 35

There is no change when bromine water is mixed with an alkane, but it turns colourless when mixed with an alkene

Question 36

How is an addition polymer formed

Answer 36

By joining up many small molecules called monomers

Question 37

Know how to draw the repeat unit of an addition polymer

Question 38

Understand how to deduce the structure of a monomer from the repeat unit of an addition polymer and vice versa

Question 39

What are the problems in disposing additional polymers (2 reasons)

Answer 39

1) Their inertness and inability to biodegrade
2) The production of toxic gases when they are burned.

Question 40

What is the structural formula

Answer 40

E.G: CH3CH2CH3 https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2qr7p3/revision/1