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Chemistry Paper 2 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

**

A

Organic COMPOUNDS composed entirely of CARBON and HYDROGEN atoms

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2
Q

What is Crude Oil made of?

A

Crude Oil is made of saturated hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Where do the hydrocarbons found in Crude Oil come from?

**

A

Dead animals and sea creatures

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4
Q

How are carbon atoms joined together in Crude Oil?

A

In CHAINS and RINGS

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5
Q

Draw two examples of the possible structures of Crude Oil

(BLURT)

**

A
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6
Q

What two resources come from Crude Oil?

A

FUELS and FEEDSTOCK

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7
Q

What is Feedstock?

A

A RAW MATERIAL used to PROVIDE REACTANTS for an INDUSTRIAL REACTION

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8
Q

What is a Petrochemical?

A

A CHEMICAL DERIVED from petroleum (CRUDE OIL) or NATURAL GAS

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9
Q

What is an example of a Petrochemical?

**

A

Ethene

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10
Q

What is the use of Ethene?

A

Ethene is used as FEEDSTOCK to make POLYETHENE which is a TYPE of PLASTIC

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11
Q

What useful substances can be made from substances found in Crude Oil?

**

A

-Lubricants

-Detergents

-Solvents

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12
Q

What is an Alkene?

A

A SATURATED HYDROCARBON

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13
Q

What is meant by a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

A HYDROCARBON with a DOUBLE BOND

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14
Q

What kind of series do Alkenes form?

**

A

A HOMOLOGOUS series

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15
Q

What is a Homologous Series?

A

A FAMILY of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS that have the SAME FUNCTIONAL GROUP and SIMILAR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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16
Q

What are the four features of every Homologous series?

(BLURT)

A

-Have the SAME general FORMULA

-

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17
Q

What is the general formula of the alkenes ?

A
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18
Q

What is the molecular formula of Methane?

A
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19
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ethane?

A
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20
Q

What is the molecular formula of Propane?

A
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21
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butane?

A
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22
Q

What is one weakness of the ball and stick model?

A
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23
Q

What is one strength of the ball and stick model?

A
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24
Q

What is one strength of the structural formula model?

A
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25
What is one weakness of the structural formula model?
26
What separation method is used to separate Crude Oil?
27
What is Fractional Distillation?
28
Why does fractional distillation work on Crude Oil?
29
What is the purpose of separating Crude Oil into its many fractions?
30
Describe the five stages of Fractional Distillation *** (BLURT)
31
Draw and annotate a diagram showing the process of Crude oil separation *** (BLURT)
32
Why do some hydrocarbon molecules leave the fractionating column as gases?
33
State all the fractions of Crude Oil
34
What type of hydrocarbons are found in fractions of Crude oil?
35
What are the properties of Alkenes?
36
What is viscosity?
37
Why do Alkenes have similiar viscosities?
38
Why do Alkenes have similiar boiling points?
39
Why do Alkenes have similar ease of ignition?
40
How are Alkenes in gas fractions different to Alkenes in liquid fractions?
41
What are hydrocarbon fuels?
42
What is complete combustion?
43
What is incomplete combustion?
44
What happens when hydrocarbon fuel undergoes complete combustion?
45
What are the products of the complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuel?
46
How can you ensure a substance undergoes complete combustion using a Bunsen burner?
47
State the general formula for the complete combustion of hydrocarbons
48
Write a balanced equation for one of the hydrocarbons undergoing complete combustion
49
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
50
How does the amount of energy released between complete and incomplete combustion differ?
51
How does incomplete combustion occur with a Bunsen burner?
52
What is cracking?
53
What do the hydrocarbons start as?
54
What are Alkanes?
55
Wha are Alkenes?
56
What is the difference between Alkanes and Alkenes?
57
What are the products of Cracking?
58
True or False Alkenes and Alkanes are part of the same homologous series
59
What is the formula rule for the starting compound in cracking?
60
What is the rule for the first product in cracking?
61
What is the rule for the second product of cracking?
62
What are the two main methods of cracking?
63
What is Catalytic Cracking?
64
What is Steam Cracking?
65
Describe the three stages of Catalytic Cracking
66
What are two reasons why Cracking is important?
67
Relating to the fractional distillation of crude oil, what is meant by the supply?
68
What is one disadvantage of the fractional distillation of crude oil?
69
Why are smaller hydrocarbons more useful as fuel than larger hydrocarbons?
70
Why is cracking more beneficial for matching the supply with the demand compared to the fractional distillation of crude oil?
71
How do reactions differ between Alkanes and Alkenes? (BLURT QUESTION)
72
How do the uses of Alkanes differ from the uses of Alkenes?
73
How does combustion differ between Alkanes and Alkenes?
74
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Chemistry Paper 2 (8 decks)

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