Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define an organic chemical?

Answer 1

All organic chemicals are covalently bonded compounds based on the element carbon

Question 2

How many bonds can carbon hydrogen and oxygen form?

Answer 2

Carbon 4
Hydrogen 1
Oxygen 2

Question 3

What are the 2 main parts in an organic chemicals?

Answer 3

The hydrocarbon chain and the functional group

Question 4

Define functional group?

Answer 4

The part of the molecule that determines how it reacts

Question 5

Define homologous series?

Answer 5

Series of organic chemicals which all have the same functional group but every successive member has an additional CH2

Question 6

Name the first 10 alkanes?

Answer 6

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

Question 7

Name the first 10 alkanes

Answer 7

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Defame

Question 8

How to name an organic chemical?

Answer 8

1) write the longest hydrocarbon chain
2) add any additional groups and add the number of the carbon atom they are attached to starting from the end producing the lowest numbers

Question 9

What is molecular formula?

Answer 9

Molecular formula shows all the elements and all the atoms of that element in a compound

Question 10

What is empirical formula?

Answer 10

Simplest whole number ratio for all the atoms of each element in a compounds

Question 11

Where is empirical formula mostly useful?

Answer 11

Larger crystal lattices

Question 12

What is displayed formula?

Answer 12

Displayed formula shows the relative positions of each of the atoms and the bonds between them although bond angles are not accurate

Question 13

What is the structural formula?

Answer 13

Shows us the Arrangement of the atoms but does not show us the bonds between the arrangement is based on each carbon atom and the bonds surrounding them in order

Question 14

What is structural formula?

Answer 14

Shows us the Arrangement of the atoms but does not show us the bonds between the arrangement is based on each carbon atom and the bonds surrounding them in order

Question 15

What are some rules when writing structural formula?

Answer 15

If there is a repeating section you can put it in brackets and a number showing how much it it repeats
And also if there is a branch you put it in brackets after the carbon atom it’s attached to

Question 16

What is skeletal formula?

Answer 16

Simplest possible way to show the structure of an organic Molecule (shows the bond between carbon atoms and bonds to the functional group only) and does not show the hydrogen and carbon atoms only in FG
Only critical bonds in functional groups are shown

Question 19

Describe skeletal formula?

Answer 19

Skeletal formula is the simplest way to represent the structure of an organic molecule only shows the bonds between carbon atoms and bonds to functional groups only atoms shown are ones in the functional group

Question 20

What is general formula?

Answer 20

The simplest algebraic formula for members of a homologous series

Question 21

What is general formula

Answer 21

The simplest algebraic formula for members of a homologous series

Question 22

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 22

A molecule with the same molecular formula but different structural and displayed formula

Question 23

What are the 3 types of structural isomers?

Answer 23

Functional group isomers= same molecular formula but different functional group
Chain isomers=same molecular formula but different in the structure of the hydrocarbon chain
Positional isomers= same molecular formula but functional group somewhere else