Organic chemistry

Question 1

Describe an addition reaction :

Answer 1

• A molecule combines with another molecule to form a larger molecule with no other products.
• It typically happens with alkenes.
• It breaks a CC double bond
• Easiest example to use is Hydration ( adding H2O )

Question 2

Describe addition polymerisation :

Answer 2

• It’s a form of polymerisation where many small monomers join together to form a large polymer.
• Typically happens with alkenes.
• Only one product formed

Question 3

Features of alcohols :

Answer 3

• They are from the homologous series
• They have the same general formula
• They have similar chemical properties

Question 4

What is the functional group of alcohol ?

Answer 4

Their functional group is the hydroxyl group : OH- ( not to be confused with - OH )

Question 5

What is the order of the four main alcohols you need to know in terms of how many carbon atoms they contain ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )

Answer 5

Methane, Ethane, Propanol, Butanol

Question 6

What is the order of the four main Carboxylic acids you need to know in terms of how many carbon atoms they contain ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )

Answer 6

Methanoic, Ethanoic, Propanoic, Butanoic

Question 7

What is the functional group of Carboxylic acids ?

Answer 7

The functional group of carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group : -COOH

Question 8

What is the functional group of Esters ?

Answer 8

The functional group of esters is the ‘ ester link ‘ : -COO

Question 9

In what kind of reaction are esters formed ?

Answer 9

They are formed in a condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Question 10

Describe what portions of each reactant are used to make the H2O in the condensation reaction used to make esters

Answer 10

Alcohol - One hydrogen
Carboxylic acid - One hydrogen and One oxygen