Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What do isomers have in common?

Answer 1

They have the same molecular formula but different arrangements.

Question 2

What are the two types of isomers?

Answer 2

Structural isomers and stereoisomers.

Question 3

How many types of structural isomers are there?

Answer 3

Three types: position, functional, and chain.

Question 4

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 4

Isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.

Question 5

What is a chiral carbon?

Answer 5

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

Question 6

What types of isomers include cis and trans isomers?

Answer 6

Stereoisomers.

Question 7

What is the shape of an s orbital?

Answer 7

Spherical

Question 8

How many types of hybridized orbitals are there?

Answer 8

sp2 and sp3 hybridized orbitals

Question 9

What forms a sigma bond?

Answer 9

sp3 hybridized orbitals

Question 10

What forms a pi bond?

Answer 10

The vacant electron left in the p orbital of sp2 hybridized orbitals

Question 11

What is the characteristic of C-C single bonds?

Answer 11

They have sigma bonds only

Question 12

How many bonds do C=C double bonds have?

Answer 12

1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond

Question 13

How many bonds do C≡C triple bonds have?

Answer 13

1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds

Question 14

Which type of bonds are formed by sp3 and sp2 hybridized orbitals respectively?

Answer 14

Sigma and pi bonds

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The unhybridized p orbital of a pi bond is involved in ______.

Answer 15

resonance

Question 16

True or False: Sigma bonds can exist without pi bonds.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What does the presence of pi bonds indicate about the bond type?

Answer 17

Double or triple bonds

Question 18

What type of reaction is butene with hydrobromic acid?

Answer 18

Electrophilic addition

Electrophilic addition involves the reaction of an electrophile (like HBr) with a nucleophile (like butene).

Question 19

What are Qcds classified as in chemical reactions?

Answer 19

Electrophiles

Electrophiles are species that accept electrons in a chemical reaction.

Question 20

What are bases classified as in chemical reactions?

Answer 20

Nucleophiles

Nucleophiles are species that donate electrons in a chemical reaction.

Question 21

What is the role of NaBH4 in chemical reactions?

Answer 21

It acts as a reducing agent

Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is commonly used to reduce carbonyl compounds.

Question 22

What type of addition does cyclopentanone undergo with sodium borohydride?

Answer 22

Nucleophilic addition

Nucleophilic addition occurs when a nucleophile attacks a carbon atom in a carbonyl compound.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: NaBH4 is a _______ and bases are _______.

Answer 23

[reducing agent], [nucleophiles]

Question 24

What is the outcome of the addition of water to an alkene?

Answer 24

Hydration reaction

Hydration reactions typically lead to the formation of alcohols from alkenes.

Question 25

True or False: Electrophiles donate electrons in a reaction.

Answer 25

False ## Footnote Electrophiles accept electrons, while nucleophiles donate them.

Question 26

What is Mass Spectrometry?

Answer 26

A technique used to identify the composition of a sample by measuring the mass of its ions ## Footnote Mass spectrometry can analyze complex mixtures and identify chemical compounds.

Question 27

How does Mass Spectrometry work?

Answer 27

It ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio ## Footnote The process typically involves ionization, acceleration, deflection, and detection.

Question 28

What is the significance of infrared absorption in Mass Spectrometry?

Answer 28

It helps in identifying bonds in a molecule ## Footnote Different bonds absorb infrared light at different frequencies, providing structural information.

Question 29

True or False: Mass Spectrometry can only analyze pure substances.

Answer 29

False ## Footnote Mass Spectrometry is particularly useful for analyzing complex mixtures.

Question 30

What is the importance of the mass spectrum?

Answer 30

It provides a visual representation of the mass-to-charge ratios of ions ## Footnote This spectrum helps in determining the composition and structure of the sample.

Question 31

List the main steps in the Mass Spectrometry process.

Answer 31

* Ionization * Acceleration * Deflection * Detection ## Footnote Each step plays a crucial role in analyzing the sample.