Organic Chemistry

Question 0

Compound containing elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in which the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is the same as in water– 2 hydrogens to one water

Answer 0

Carbohydrate

Question 1

one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body.

Answer 1

Carbohydrate

Question 2

Building blocks of carbohydrate molecules are the monosaccharides…?

Answer 2

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 3

Two monosaccharides can form a covalent bond between them to form a…?

Answer 3

Disaccharide sugar

Question 4

3 kinds of disaccharides:

Answer 4

Sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Question 5

A disaccharide containing two glucose molecules held together by a covalent bond

Answer 5

Maltose

Question 6

Sugar found in milk formed by the combination of glucose and galactose

Answer 6

Lactose

Question 7

Compound containing a glucose joined to a fructose. Commonly called table sugar.

Answer 7

Sucrose

Question 8

When many monosaccharide molecules are joined together

Answer 8

Polysaccharide

Question 9

A polysaccharide containing many hundreds of monosaccharide subunits. Food stored in body for energy.

Answer 9

Glycogen

Question 10

Important polysaccharide is______. It’s in wood and the cell wall of plants. We can’t digest it

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

Polysaccharides are also found in shells of such crustaceans as crabs and lobsters as a material called ____.

Answer 11

Chitin

Question 12

Or fats, are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It’s an important energy reserve molecule. Gram for gram they provide twice as much energy as carbohydrates

Answer 12

Lipids

Question 13

Lipids are essential structural components of all cells especially ____.

Answer 13

Cell membranes

Question 14

3 important lipids in the body are:

Answer 14

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol

Question 15

Lipid molecules formed from two building blocks, glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Stores energy for the body. When covalent bonds are broken down energy is released for life activities

Answer 15

Triglycerides

Question 16

Similar to triglycerides, except the third fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group

Answer 16

Phospholipids

Question 17

Lipid made up of four rings of carbon atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Needed for the structure of the plasma membranes of cells. Used to manufacture steroids.

Answer 17

Cholesterol

Question 18

Phosphate has one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms. The phosphate end of the molecule will dissolve in water and is said to be hydrophilic. The fatty end repels water and is called hydrophobic. this forms cells membranes

Answer 18

Phospholipids

Question 19

Very large complex molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

Building blocks for proteins. 20 different kinds. Joined together with covalent peptide bonds. The molecule grows larger and its shape becomes more and more complex

Answer 20

Amino acids

Question 21

Structural proteins. Holds tissues together throughout the body and strengthens ligaments and tendons

Answer 21

Collagen

Question 22

A structural protein that toughens and waterproofs the skin.

Answer 22

Keratin

Question 23

Hormones that regulate body functions are proteins. The proteins permit our muscles to contract.

Answer 23

Actin and myosin

Question 24

Blood protein that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

Question 25

Proteins in the blood and body fluids that help fight infections.

Answer 25

Antibodies

Question 26

Special class of proteins that assist other chemicals to react with each other. These reactions are the basis of all life chemistry

Answer 26

Enzymes

Question 27

Referred to as catalyst

Answer 27

Enzyme

Question 28

Substance that assists other chemical reactions to occur without being chemically changed itself

Answer 28

Catalyst

Question 29

Basic enzyme reaction must have:

Answer 29

1. The substrate 2. The enzyme 3. The products

Question 30

Substances produced through the reaction of the enzyme with the substrate

Answer 30

Products

Question 31

Material that the enzyme will act upon

Answer 31

Substrate

Question 32

The catalyst that allows the reaction to occur

Answer 32

Enzyme

Question 33

1. Regulates speed of chemistry reactions 2. All are proteins, but not all proteins are them 3. Each Chem. Reaction in an organism requires its own specific enzyme 4. Each chem reaction that is worked on is called a substrate 5. Called organic catalyst 6. Never changed by reactions. Reusable

Answer 33

Enzyme characteristics

Question 34

Single strand molecule Carries copy of coded info in DNA to a place where that info will be used to manufacture enzymes needed to allow all of the chemical processes of life to occur in the cell

Answer 34

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 35

Very complex double stranded molecule& stores info needed by the cell and the entire organism to carry out life activities. It's found mostly in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 35

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 36

Where's DNA found?

Answer 36

Nucleus

Question 37

Four nitrogen bases:

Answer 37

Adenine-Thymine | Guanine-Cytosine

Question 38

What RNA do?

Answer 38

Carries hereditary info from nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 39

How many carbon rings makes up cholesterol?

Answer 39

4

Question 40

How many amino acids are there | ?

Answer 40

20

Question 41

Protein in blood and body fluids that help fight infections

Answer 41

Antibodies

Question 42

What are phospholipids used for?

Answer 42

Form cell membrane

Question 43

What thee elements make up lipids?

Answer 43

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 44

3 elements that make up carbohydrates?

Answer 44

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 45

What's cholesterol needed for?

Answer 45

Structure of plasma membranes of cells

Question 46

DNA is built up from building blocks called____

Answer 46

Nucleotides

Question 47

Made up of three kinds of particles: sugar molecule, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group

Answer 47

Nucleotides of DNA

Question 48

Ribose sugar molecule, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate

Answer 48

RNA nucleotides

Question 49

Adenine-Uracil | Guanine-cytosine

Answer 49

RNA nitrogen bases