Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Saturated

Answer 1

When an atom has all of its bonds used up. No new bonds can be formed.

Question 2

Unsaturated

Answer 2

When an atom doesn’t have all its bonds used up. Has capacity for more atoms

Question 3

Substitution

Answer 3

When an atom replaces another atom one at a time.

Question 4

Addition

Answer 4

New atoms are added to the molecule

Question 5

Polymer

Answer 5

Large molecules made when many monomers join together to form a long chain. Same unit repeated over and over again

Question 6

Alkane

Answer 6

Saturated hydrocarbon. A compound of hydrogen and carbon only, with no carbon double bonds.

Question 7

Allende

Answer 7

Unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond between the carbon atoms.

Question 8

Complete combustion

Answer 8

Burning in a plentiful supply of air. Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces water vapour and carbon dioxide.

Question 9

Homologous series

Answer 9

A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group and similar chemical properties.

Question 10

Isomer

Answer 10

Chemicals that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Question 11

Test for a carbon double bond.

Answer 11

A few drops of bromine water is shaken with the suspected Allan’s/Allende. If it stays orange, it’s an Alkane. If it turns colourless, it’s an alkene

Question 12

Fractional distillation

Answer 12

The industrial process used to separate crude oil.

Question 13

Molecular formula

Answer 13

A chemical formula that’s shows the total number and kinds of atoms in a molecule.

Question 14

Empirical formula

Answer 14

A formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms

Question 15

Displayed formulae

Answer 15

Shows the symbols for each atom in a compound, with straight lines joining them to represent the covalent bonds.

Question 16

Structural formula

Answer 16

A formula which shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound.

Question 17

Skeletal formula

Answer 17

Representation of the bonding between two carbons in an organic compounds.

Question 18

Alkanes

Answer 18

CnH2n+2

Question 19

Alkenes

Answer 19

CnH2n

Question 20

Alcohols

Answer 20

CnH2n+1OH

Question 21

Carboxylic acids

Answer 21

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 22

Functional group

Answer 22

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compounds

Question 23

Structural Isomerism

Answer 23

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formula.

Question 24

Polymerisation

Answer 24

The process of turning repeated monomers into polymers.

Question 25

Making alcohol

Answer 25

Sugar-> carbon dioxide + alcohol Alkene + steam -> alcohol

Question 26

Order of fractions

Answer 26

``` Refinery gases Petrol Naphtha Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil Lubricants + waxes Bitumen ```

Question 27

Refinery gases

Answer 27

Bottled gas

Question 28

Petrol

Answer 28

Fuel for car engines

Question 29

Naphtha

Answer 29

Chemical manufacture

Question 30

Kerosene

Answer 30

Planes

Question 31

Diesel

Answer 31

Cars

Question 32

Fuel oil

Answer 32

Ships, central heating system

Question 33

Lubricants + waxes

Answer 33

Lubricants and candles

Question 34

Bitumen

Answer 34

Road surface and roofing

Question 35

Hydrocarbon

Answer 35

An compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only