Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What does a catalyst do?

Answer 1

It speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Question 2

Define Exothermic

Answer 2

It is like exergonic, but not the same thing. Exothermic are reactions that releases heat, releasing their energy.

Question 3

Define Endorthemic

Answer 3

Does not release energy. It absorbs energy: requires energy.

Question 4

Define Endergonic

Answer 4

It refers to the products having more energy than reactants: they require energy.

Question 5

Define Exergonic

Answer 5

Are reactions that release energy;more energy in the reactants than the products.

Question 6

The one with the smallest slope has the ______ energy.

Answer 6

most

Question 7

In exergonic reactions delta G is always ________

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

In endergonic reactions delta G is always _________

Answer 8

Positive

Question 9

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

Water h2o is produced as two organic molecules are joined. Two smaller molecules form a larger one.

Question 10

Where does condensation occur?

Answer 10

They occur among functional groups that contain __H and ___OH group that can be removed to form water.

Question 11

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 11

Water h20 is consumed as a reactant and the reactant molecule is split into two smaller molecules. (one large molecule forms 2 smaller ones)

Question 12

What is a enantiomer?

Answer 12

Mirror images of each other

Question 13

What is a diastereomer?

Answer 13

Are a type of stereoisomer. It occurs when 2 or more stereoisomer of a component have different configurations at one or more (but not all) of the equivalent stereo centers and are not mirror images of each other.

Question 14

Define Synthesis

Answer 14

2 components coming together to create 1 molecule/compound. A+B –>AB

Question 15

Define Decomposition

Answer 15

When it decomposes into several products. AB—-> A+B

Question 16

Define Displacement/Exchange

Answer 16

When re arrangements occur: changing the molecule. AB + C —->
AC + B —->

Question 17

Define Oxidation

Answer 17

Losing electrons ( the end is positive)

Question 18

Define Reduction

Answer 18

It is gaining electrons ( The end is negative)

Question 19

Esther

Answer 19

An oxygen atom is bonded to 2 carbon atoms. C-O-C

Question 20

Ester

Answer 20

Contains the carboxyl group between carbon atoms

Question 21

Ketone

Answer 21

The carbon of the carbonyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms

Question 22

Amine

Answer 22

Its a nitrogen on an alkane. It does not have a carbonyl group

Question 23

Combustion reaction formula

Answer 23

CO2 + H2O

Question 24

Glycogen

Answer 24

is a storage polysaccharide in animals

Question 25

Fructose

Answer 25

is a fruit sugar

Question 26

Cellulose

Answer 26

Its a insoluble fiber found in plants and trees

Question 27

Lactose

Answer 27

A sugar present in milk. It is a disaccharide contaiining glucose and galactose units

Question 28

Maltose

Answer 28

Is a disaccharide of d-glucose bonded A(1-->4)

Question 29

Sucrose

Answer 29

A non reducing crystalline dissacharide made up of glucose and fructose

Question 30

pyranose

Answer 30

Pyranose is a collective term for carbohydrates that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. There may be other carbons external to the ring.

Question 31

starch

Answer 31

Starch or amylum is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store.

Question 32

reducing sugar

Answer 32

A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent because it has a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group. All monosaccharides are reducing sugars, along with some disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Question 33

Amylase

Answer 33

an enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.

Question 34

Amylopectin

Answer 34

Amylopectin /ˌæmɨloʊˈpɛktɨn/ is a soluble polysaccharide and highly branched polymer of glucose found in plants. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylose. Glucose units are linked in a linear way with α glycosidic bonds

Question 35

Amylose

Answer 35

Amylose is a helical polymer made of α-D-glucose units, bound to each other through α glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is one of the two components of starch, making up approximately 20-30% of the structure.

Question 36

Anomer

Answer 36

In carbohydrate chemistry, an anomer is a special type of epimer. It is one of two stereoisomers of a cyclic saccharide that differs only in its configuration at the hemiacetal/acetal carbon, also called the anomeric carbon.

Question 37

Chitin

Answer 37

a fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides and forming the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.

Question 38

epimer

Answer 38

each of two isomers with different configurations of atoms around one of several asymmetric carbon atoms present

Question 39

Furanose

Answer 39

is a collective term for carbohydrates that have a chemical structure that includes a five-membered ring system consisting of four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. The name derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle furan, but the furanose ring does not have double bonds.

Question 40

Galactose

Answer 40

Galactose, sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is less sweet than glucose and fructose. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose. Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose found in hemicellulose

Question 41

Glucose

Answer 41

a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates. a syrup containing glucose and other sugars, made by hydrolysis of starch and used in the food industry.

Question 42

Glycosidic bond

Answer 42

In chemistry, a glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate. Formation of ethyl glucoside : Glucose and ethanol combine to form ethyl glucoside and water.

Question 43

Enantiomer

Answer 43

each of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other.