Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Crude oil

Answer 1

Unrefined oil
Hydrocarbons
Fossil fuel

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Hydrogen and carbon compound

Question 3

Separate crude oil

Answer 3

Fractional distillation
Crude oil heated at tower
Temp gradient
Fractions with boiling point lower than fractions with highest boiling point, evaporates, rises
For each fractions, reaches condensing point, condense, collected

Question 4

Fractions

Answer 4

Refinery gases, domestic cooking
Gasoline, cars
Kerosene, planes
Diesel, lorries
Fuel oil, ships
Bitumen, road surface

Question 5

Burning hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Produce CO2, GH
GH effect
GW

Question 6

Carbon monoxide

Answer 6

Incomplete combustion product
Toxic
Carboxyhaemoglobin
Colourless, odourless

Question 7

Suphur dioxide

Answer 7

Impurities in fossil fuels
From car engines
Sulphuric acid from sulphur dioxide and water and oxygen
Acid rain
Trees die
Acidified lake
Limestone dissolved

Question 8

Nitrogen oxide

Answer 8

Nitrogen in engines, react with oxygen

Acid rain

Question 9

Cracking

Answer 9

Supply of small hydrocarbons meet high demands
Larger hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons
Passed over alumina, silica, 600/700C
Random products

Question 10

Alkanes

Answer 10

Saturated

Simple hydrocarbon

Question 11

Alkane formula

Answer 11

Cn+H2n+2

Question 12

Physical properties of alkanes

Answer 12

Higher the number of carbons

Stronger intermolecular forces, higher boiling point

Question 13

Alkane reactions with bromine

Answer 13

UV
Substitution
Orange to colourless
Bromoalkane
Hydrogen bromide

Question 14

Structural isomerism

Answer 14

Different structural and displayed formula

Same number of carbons, hydrogens

Question 15

Alkenes

Answer 15

Unsaturated

Question 16

Alkane formula

Answer 16

CnH2n

Question 17

Physical properties of alkenes

Answer 17

Higher number of hydrocarbons
Stronger intermolecular forces
Higher boiling points

Question 18

Alkenes reaction with bromine

Answer 18

Bromine water
Addition
Orange to colourless

Question 19

Alcohols

Answer 19

Hydrocarbon with OH

Question 20

Alcohol formula

Answer 20

Alkane formula+O

Question 21

Combustion of alcohols

Answer 21

Can be used as a fuel

Question 22

Hydration of ethene

Answer 22

Hydration
300C
60-70atm
Phosphoric acid catalyst
Fermentation
30C
Pasty yeast ferments sugar with enzymes

Question 23

Advantages of hydration

Answer 23

Faster
Continuous
Pure ethanol
Large scale
Few workers

Question 24

Advantages of fermentation

Answer 24

Glucose, yeast, cheap
Renewable
No high pressure, energy needed
No danger.

Question 25

Disadvantages of hydration

Answer 25

Expensive, energy required Alkenes from non renewable sources Specific conditions

Question 26

Disadvantages of fermentation

Answer 26

``` Time consuming Sugar takes land Small scale Impure with water Many workers needed ```

Question 27

Dehydration

Answer 27

Ethene Heat strongly Pass ethanol over alumina Test with bromine water

Question 28

Polymers

Answer 28

Many different monomers join together to make one molecule | Addition, double bond opens up, ethene joins to make a polymer

Question 29

Use of polythene

Answer 29

``` Cheap Strong Waterproof Inert Mouldable Lightweight Plastic bag ```

Question 30

Uses of polypropylene

Answer 30

``` Tough Strong Mouldable Lightweight Plastic boxes ```

Question 31

Uses of chloroethene

Answer 31

``` Flexible Insulator Waterproof Inert Clothes ```

Question 32

Issues with polymers

Answer 32

Inert Not biodegradable Monomers from un renewable sources

Question 33

Condensation polymers

Answer 33

Water sometimes produced 2 monomers Form polymer chains