Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound of hydrogen and carbon ONLY
What is a homologous series?
Series of compounds with the same functional group and chemical properties. Each sussesive member of the group varies by CH2
What is an example of a homologous series?
Alkanes
What is isomerism?
When 2 or more compound with the same formula have different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties
What are the 3 reactions of organic compounds?
Substitution, addition and combustion
Metal + acid —-> ?
A salt + hydrogen
Metal oxide + acid ——>
A salt + water
Metal carbonate + acid ——> ?
A salt + water + carbon dioxide
Alkali + acid —-> ?
A salt + water
What is crude oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons
How does fractional distillation work?
It uses the different boiling points of the different hydrocarbons to make then rise to different sections.
What are the names and uses of the oils from crude oil?
Refinery gases- stoves Gasoline- cars Kerosene- plane fuel Diesel- Lorry fuel Fuel oil - ship fuel Bitumen- to make streets Naptha - plastic
What are the trends of crude oil gases?
- darker colour = larger hydrocarbon
- higher boiling point = larger hydrocarbon
- more viscous = larger hydrocarbon
What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete has oxygen and therefore produces CO2
Incomplete combustion doesn’t have enough o2, therefore produces CO
What are the effects of CO in the body?
Reduces the capacity of blood to transport oxygen
How is sulfur dioxide formed in combustion?
Impurities in oil
What are the first six alkanes?
Methane(CH4) Ethane(C2H6) Propane(C3H8) Butane(C4H10) Pentane(C5H12) Hexane (C6H14)
Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?
Because they only have single bonds
Do alkenes have double bonds?
Yes
What are the first six Alkenes?
Ethene(C2H4) Propene(C3H6) Butene(C4H8) Pentene(C5H10) Hexene(C6H12)
Why are Alkenes unsaturated?
They have double bonds
How do you know if something in an Alkenes using bromine?
If an Alkene was mixed with bromine it turns colourless.
Formula for dibromoalkanes?
Ethene + bromine ——> dibromoethane
What is the formula for the number of moles?
Number of moles = mass in grams / molecular mass
