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GCSE Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound of hydrogen and carbon ONLY

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2
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Series of compounds with the same functional group and chemical properties. Each sussesive member of the group varies by CH2

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3
Q

What is an example of a homologous series?

A

Alkanes

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4
Q

What is isomerism?

A

When 2 or more compound with the same formula have different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties

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5
Q

What are the 3 reactions of organic compounds?

A

Substitution, addition and combustion

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6
Q

Metal + acid —-> ?

A

A salt + hydrogen

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7
Q

Metal oxide + acid ——>

A

A salt + water

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8
Q

Metal carbonate + acid ——> ?

A

A salt + water + carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Alkali + acid —-> ?

A

A salt + water

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10
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons

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11
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

It uses the different boiling points of the different hydrocarbons to make then rise to different sections.

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12
Q

What are the names and uses of the oils from crude oil?

A 
Refinery gases- stoves
Gasoline- cars
Kerosene- plane fuel
Diesel- Lorry fuel
Fuel oil - ship fuel
Bitumen- to make streets
Naptha - plastic
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13
Q

What are the trends of crude oil gases?

A
  • darker colour = larger hydrocarbon
  • higher boiling point = larger hydrocarbon
  • more viscous = larger hydrocarbon
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14
Q

What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?

A

Complete has oxygen and therefore produces CO2

Incomplete combustion doesn’t have enough o2, therefore produces CO

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15
Q

What are the effects of CO in the body?

A

Reduces the capacity of blood to transport oxygen

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16
Q

How is sulfur dioxide formed in combustion?

A

Impurities in oil

17
Q

What are the first six alkanes?

A 
Methane(CH4)
Ethane(C2H6)
Propane(C3H8)
Butane(C4H10)
Pentane(C5H12)
Hexane (C6H14)
18
Q

Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?

A

Because they only have single bonds

19
Q

Do alkenes have double bonds?

A

Yes

20
Q

What are the first six Alkenes?

A 
Ethene(C2H4)
Propene(C3H6)
Butene(C4H8)
Pentene(C5H10)
Hexene(C6H12)
21
Q

Why are Alkenes unsaturated?

A

They have double bonds

22
Q

How do you know if something in an Alkenes using bromine?

A

If an Alkene was mixed with bromine it turns colourless.

23
Q

Formula for dibromoalkanes?

A

Ethene + bromine ——> dibromoethane

24
Q

What is the formula for the number of moles?

A

Number of moles = mass in grams / molecular mass

25
Q

What is the formula for carbonate?

A

CO3 2-

26
Q

What is the formula for hydroxide?

A

OH-

27
Q

What is the formula fo nitrate?

A

NO3 -

28
Q

What is the formula for sulfate ?

A

SO4 2-

29
Q

What is the formula for ammonium?

A

NH4 +

30
Q

What are the steps for reacting masses?

A

1) balance the equation
2) identify what you are trying to find and what you already know
3) calculate the molecular mass of the reactant + product
4) calculate the number of moles
5) look at the ratio

31
Q

What is the formula for % yield?

A

% yield = actual yield / expected yield x 100

32
Q

What are the steps for finding empirical formula?

A

1) look at the atomic mass of the elements
2) find the number of moles for the elements
3) circle the smallest value
4) divide all values of n by that numbers

33
Q

What are 3 labratory acids and their formulas?

A

Nitric acid - HNO3
Hydrochloric acid - HCl
Sulfuric acid. - H2SO4

34
Q

What are some labratory alkalis and their formulas?

A

Ammonium hydroxide - NH4OH
Sodium hydroxide - NaOH
Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
Potassium hydroxide - KOH

35
Q

What is the formula for ammonia?

A

NH3

36
Q

What are the hazards of acids?

A

Corrosive

37
Q

What is the hazard of alkalis?

A

Irritant

GCSE Chemistry (2 decks)

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