Organic Chemistry

Question 1

chiral

Answer 1

an atom in a molecule that allows it to exist as non-superimposable forms. it can also refer to the molecule itself

Question 2

asymmetric

Answer 2

a carbon atom in a molecule that is joined to four different atoms or groups

Question 3

enantiomers

Answer 3

isomers that are related as object and mirror image

Question 4

optical activity

Answer 4

when a substance rotates the plane of polarisation of plane-polarised light

Question 5

unpolarised light

Answer 5

has oscillations in all planes at right angles to the direction of travel

Question 6

polarimeter

Answer 6

the apparatus used to measure the angle of rotation caused by a substance

Question 7

polariser

Answer 7

a material that converts unpolarised light into plane-polarised light

Question 8

analyser

Answer 8

a material that allows plane-polarised light to pass through it

Question 9

racemic mixture

Answer 9

an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers that has no optical activity

Question 10

bimolecular mechanism

Answer 10

has two species reacting in the rate determining step

Question 11

unimolecular mechanism

Answer 11

has one species reacting in the rate determining step

Question 12

nucleophilic addition

Answer 12

a type of mechanism in which a molecule containing two atoms or groups is added across a polar double bond (usually C=O). The attacking species in the first step is the nucleophile

Question 13

Derivatives

Answer 13

compounds formed from other compounds, especially when the properties of the derivatives can be used to identify the original compound.

Question 14

hydrolysis

Answer 14

the breaking of a compound by water into two compounds.

Question 15

condensation polymerisation

Answer 15

the formation of a polymer, usually by reaction of two monomers, and in which a small molecule is formed.

Question 16

aromatic

Answer 16

description of the bonding in a compound - delocalised electrons forming pi bonding in a hydrocarbon ring

Question 17

Halogen carrier

Answer 17

a catalyst that helps to introduce a halogen atom into a benzene ring

Question 18

basicity

Answer 18

the extent to which a base can donate a lone pair of electrons to the hydrogen atom of a water molecule

Question 19

addition elimination

Answer 19

occurs when two molecules join together, followed by the loss of a small molecules

Question 20

isoelectric point

Answer 20

the pH of an amino acid in a neutral aqueous solution

Question 21

zwitterion

Answer 21

a molecule containing positive and negative charges but which has no overall charge

Question 22

pepide bond

Answer 22

the bond formed by a condensation reaction between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

Question 23

stationary phase

Answer 23

in paper chromatography, this is the liquid or solid tat does not move

Question 24

mobile phase

Answer 24

in paper chromatography, this is the liquid tat moves through the stationary phase and transports the components

Question 25

High resolution mass spectrometry

Answer 25

a type of mass spectrometry that can produce Mr values with several decimal places, usually four or more.

Question 26

Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Answer 26

a technique used to find the structure of organic comounds. It depends on the ability of the nuclei to resonate in a magnetic field

Question 27

chemical shift

Answer 27

the number that indicates its behaviour in a magnetic field relative to tetramethylsilane. It can be used to identify the chemical environment of the carbon atoms or of the hydrogen atoms (protons) attached to it.

Question 28

chemical environments

Answer 28

chemical environments of carbon atoms in a molecule are related to whether the carbon atoms are identically or differently positioned within a molecule

Question 29

peak (H(1) NMR spectrum)

Answer 29

shows the presence of hydrogen atoms in a specific chemical environment

Question 30

integration trace

Answer 30

the relative numbers of equivalent protons

Question 31

Equivalent protons

Answer 31

hydrogen atoms in the same chemical environment

Question 32

Splitting pattern

Answer 32

the appearance of a peak as a small number of small sub-peaks very close to each other

Question 33

Multiplets

Answer 33

the different splitting patterns observed (singlets, doublets, triplets, quartets etc)