Organic chemistry Flashcards
(32 cards)
Where are the alkali metals on the periodic table?
column 1
where are the alkaline earth metals on the periodic table>
column 2
Where are the metals on the periodic table?
from column 3 to 12
Where are the post transition metals on the period table?
from Al to Po
Where are the halogens?
column 7
Where are the noble gases?
column 8
What angle are the atoms on an alkane?
109.5º
How many electrons are there in the principle energy level 1?
2 electrons as there is only 1 orbital
= 2 electrons
How many electrons are there in the principle energy level 2?
2 electrons in the first sub level as there is only one orbital
and 6 electrons in the second sub level as there are 3 orbitals
= 8 electrons
How many electrons are there in the principle energy level 3?
2 in the first sub level as there is only 1 orbital
6 in the second sub level as there are 3 orbitals
10 in the third sub level as there are 5 orbitals
= 18 electrons
How many electrons are there in the principle energy level 4?
2 in the first sub level as there is only 1 orbital
6 in the second sub level as there are 3 orbitals
10 in the third sub level as there are 5 orbitals
14 in the fourth sub level as there are 7 orbitals.
= 32 electrons
how many electrons are there in a s orbital?
2
how many electrons are there in a p orbital?
6
how many electrons are there in a d orbital?
10
how many electrons are there in a f orbital?
14
How many electrons are there in energy level 5?
2 in the first sub level as there is only 1 orbital
6 in the second sub level as there are 3 orbitals
10 in the third sub level as there are 5 orbitals
14 in the fourth sub level as there are 7 orbitals.
18 in the fifth sub level as there are 9 orbitals
= 50 electrons
What is Hund’s rule?
Electrons that occupy orbitals of the same energy will have the maximum number of electrons with the same spin (i.e. electrons spread out into separate p orbitals)
What is chirality ?
its mirror image are not identical, as chemists says – they are not superimposable.
What are enantiomers?
the two forms of the mirror image molecules
What is homochirality?
refers to the property of a group of molecules that possess the same chirality
If you are reading a molecule which is chiral how would you name it?
If this is clockwise then it is the R- stereoisomer (Latin; rectus = right handed); If this is anti-clockwise then it is the S-stereoisomer (Latin; sinister = left handed).
How do you assign priorities in a (R) and (S) configuration?
- Assign a relative “priority” to each group bonded to the asymmetric carbon. Group 1 would have the highest priority, group 2 second, etc.
- Atoms with higher atomic numbers receive higher priorities.
What are the three steps to naming the (R) and (S) configuration?
- Working in 3-D, rotate the molecule so that the lowest priority group is in back.
• Draw an arrow from highest to lowest priority group.
• Clockwise = (R), Counterclockwise = (S)
What are stereocenters?
any atom at which the interchange of two groups gives a stereoisomer.
– Chirality center (chiral carbon).
– Double-bonded carbon atoms in cis-trans isomers.
