Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry > Organic chemistry > Flashcards

Organic chemistry Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Trends of Hydrocarbons

A

Volatility decreases with size (chain length){Bp increases]

Flammability decreases with size (chain length)

Viciousness (thickens as chain length increases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fractional distillation of petroleum

A

Refinery gas 1-4

Gasoline (petrol) 5-6

Naphtha 6-10

Paraffin (kerosene) 10-15

Diesel oil (gas oil) 15-20

Fuel oil 20-30

Lubricating fraction 30-50

Bitumen 50+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Uses of Refinery gas

A

Bottled gas for cooking and heating home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Uses of Petrol

A

Fuel for cars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Uses of Naphtha

A

Starting point for plastics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uses of Kerosene

A

Fuel for aircrafts, oil stoves and lamps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Uses of Diesel

A

Fuel for diesel engines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uses of Fuel oil

A

Fuel for ships, power stations and home heating systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uses of Lubricating fraction

A

Oil for car engines and machinery waxes and polishes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uses of Bitumen

A

Road surfaces and roofs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cracking Hydrocarbons

A

Breaking down long hydrocarbons into smaller ones

C10H22 —> C5H12 + C3H6 + C2H4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cracking ethane

A

C2H6—>(steam and 800+ degrees) H2 + C2H4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prefixes

A

Meth 1

Eth 2

Prop 3

But 4

Pent 5

Hex 6

Hep 7

Oct 8

Non 9

Dec 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

Single bonds

(saturated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alkenes

A

CnH2n

One double bond between carbons

C=C is functional group

(unsaturated) can be testes with bromine {goes colorless if alkene]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alcohols

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

OH is Functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

Cn H2n O2

COOH is functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functional group

A

Part of molecule which largely dictates how the molecules reacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Homologous series

A

All compounds fit same general formula

Chain length increases by 1 each time

As the chain gets longer compounds show a trend in properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Substitution reaction

A

Alkane + Chlorine —> [under UV light(therefore photochemical reaction)]

CH4 + Cl2 —> CHC3Cl + HCl

Also possible to have:

Dichloromethane

Trichloromethane

Tetrachloromethane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with same formula but different structures (and different names)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Branched isomer (difference)

Study These Flashcards
A

Branched isomers have lower Bp as the branches make it difficult for molecules to get close and therefore don’t need as much heat energy is need to overcome interparticle forces.

23
Q

Hydrogenation of alkene

Study These Flashcards
A

C2H4 + H2 —> C2H6

24
Q

Hydration of alkene

Study These Flashcards
A

C2H4 + H2O —> C2H5OH

(reversible) [570c 60-70atm and catalyst(phosphoric acid)]

25
Addition reactions
The reaction which forms saturated compounds from unsaturated alkenes
26
Unsaturation test
Ethene + Br2---> 1,2-Dibromoethane
27
Alcohol properties
Organic solvent Volatile
28
Ethanol production
Natural, fermentation Glucose---> (enzymes in yeast) Ethanol + CO2 + energy (works up to about 18% alcohol and requires distillation) Hydration of ethene C2H4 + H2O ---> C2H5OH (reversible) [570c 60-70atm and catalyst(phosphoric acid)]
29
Uses of ethanol
Organic Solvent Fuel Aftershave/perfume/paint
30
Ethanoic acid
C2H5OH-->[O] CH3COOH (weak acid) Acid fermentation (natural oxidation of ethanol by bacteria) Oxidising agent ( acidified Potassium manganate(VII) or Potassium dichromate(VI))
31
Ethanoic acid + Base
CH3COOH + NaOH ---> H2O + CH3COONa (sodium ethanoate)
32
Naming esters, reaction and formulas
An alcohol and carboxylic acid to form a larger molecule with a bi product (water) CH3COOH + C3H7OH ----> CH3COOC3H7 + H2O Ethanoic acid + propanol ---> Propyl ethanoate + water {Conc H2SO4 as catalyst) Alcohol comes first in name but second in formula
33
Polymer
A substance made of macromolecules
34
Natural polymers
Starch Glucose Cellulose Keratin Collagen
35
Addition polymerization of ethene
double bonds break to form | polyethene
36
Addition Polymers (examples)
PVC (polychloroethene/Polyvinyl chloride) from [chlorothene/ vinyl chloride] Teflon(polytetrafluroethene) from[tetrafluroethene] Polystyrene(polyphenylethene) from[phenylethene/styrene]
37
Condensation polymerization
Two monomers join by their funtional groups reacting to form a small molecule (usually water) as a bi-product
38
Uses of Polythene
Plastic bags/gloves, clingfilm (low density), | mugs, bowls, chairs, dustbins (high density
39
Uses of PVC
Water pipes, hoses, covering for electricity cables
40
Uses of polypropene
Crates and ropes
41
Uses of Polystyrene
Fast food cartons, Packaging, insulation of houses
42
Uses of Teflon
Coated on frying pans to make them "non-stick", fabric protector, windscreen wipers, and flooring
43
Nylon
Ropes, fishing nets and lines, tents, and curtains
44
Terylene
Clothing, and thread
45
High density polythene
Hard and strong made at 50c and 3-4 atm
46
Low density polythene
Light, made at 200c and 2000atm
47
Problems with plastic
Clog drains and sewers causing flooding Animals starve to death as they cannot digest plastic, and therefore stop them from digesting their other foods if they ingest lots of plastic Animals can choke on plastic Can liter places and make them unappealing (crucial for tourist cities)
48
How to breakdown starch
Heat with dilute HCl giving Glucose
49
How to breakdown proteins
Boil with 6M HCl for 24h giving aminoacids
50
How to breakdown fats
Boil with dilute sodium hydroxide giving Glycerol | and sodium fatty acid salt
51
Fats are _____
Esters Glycerol (propan 1,2,3 triol) is the alcohol and fatty acids are carboxylic acids
52
Hydrolysis
A reaction in which molecules are broken down by reaction with water
53
Uses of esters
They have attractive smells and tastes and are used in soaps, shampoos and flavorings

Chemistry (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions