Organic Chemistry (C7 Topic)

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

A mixture of many hydrocarbons

Question 2

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

Only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 3

How is crude oil found and formed?

Answer 3

Found in rocks and formed from dead plants and animals (which spent millions of years buried in mud)

Question 4

What is crude oil processed to produce?

Answer 4

Fuels, solvents, detergents, lubricants

Question 5

What is complete combustion?

Answer 5

An oxidation reaction that occurs when a fuel reacts with plenty of oxygen

Question 6

Word equation for combustion?

Answer 6

Hydrocarbon + oxygen
➡️ Carbon dioxide + water

Question 7

Why are hydrocarbons used as fuels?

Answer 7

Combustion releases a lot of energy

Question 8

As the length of hydrocarbon chains increase, the boiling point…?

Answer 8

Increases

Question 9

As the length of hydrocarbon chains increase, the viscosity…?

Answer 9

Increases

Question 10

As the length of hydrocarbon chains increase, the flammability…?

Answer 10

Decreases

Question 11

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 11

A process used to separate hydrocarbons in crude oil into fractions according to boiling point

Question 12

Is the fractional distillation column hotter at the top or bottom?

Answer 12

Bottom

Question 13

What happens to crude oil at the start of the fractional distillation process?

Answer 13

Crude oil (before entering the column) is heated until most has evaporated

Question 14

Why do longer hydrogen carbons condense near the bottom of the column?

Answer 14

They have higher boiling points

Question 15

Why do shorter hydrocarbons condense near the top of the column?

Answer 15

They have Lower boiling points

Question 16

In order of Top (coolest) to bottom (hottest) what is fractions off first to last?

Answer 16

(At the top)
•LPG: Liquified petroleum gas
•Petrol
•Kerosene
•diesel oil
•heavy fuel oil

Question 17

What are Alkanes?

Answer 17

The simplest type of hydrocarbons, containing only single covenant bonds (saturated)

Question 18

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

Answer 18

Cn H2n+2

Question 19

Order of the first 5 Alkanes:

Answer 19

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane

Question 20

What is the formula of Methane?

Answer 20

CH4

Question 21

What is the Formula of Ethane?

Answer 21

C2H4

Question 22

What is Cracking?

Answer 22

Breaking down long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter more useful ones.

Question 23

Word equation for cracking?

Answer 23

Long-chain alkane ➡️ Shorter chain alkane + Alkene

Question 24

What is Alkenes use?

Answer 24

Used to make polymers and are a staring material for making other chemicals

Question 25

What are the 2 Methods of Cracking?

Answer 25

Catalytic and Steam

Question 26

Once long chain hydrocarbons are vaporised by heating, then what happens in Catalytic cracking?

Answer 26

Hydrocarbon vapour is passed over a hot powered aluminium catalyst..

Question 27

Once long chain hydrocarbons are vaporised by heating, then what happens in Steam cracking?

Answer 27

Hydrocarbon vapour is mixed with steam and heat to a very high temperature

Question 28

What can be done to determine an Alkane from Alkene?

Answer 28

Add an Alkene to bromine water

Question 29

If an Alkene is present, what will happen to the bromine water?

Answer 29

Change from orange to colourless