organic chemistry - carbon compounds and fuel stock Flashcards
(24 cards)
where is crude oil found?
in rocks
crude oil is the remains of…
ancient biomass consisting of plankton buried in mud
crude oil is a mixture. what is a mixture?
two or more elements that are not chemically bonded and the chemical properties of them are unchanged
how do you separate the substances in a mixture?
by using physical method
give a process that can be used to separate mixtures.
distillation
what molecules are in the compound of crude oil?
hydrogen and carbon only
what is the general formula of a hydrocarbon?
CnH2n+2
what are the first four alkanes?
methane, ethane, propane and butane. (monkeys eat purple bananas)
what happens when oil is heated in a fractionating column?
the oil evaporates and condenses at different temperatures
how does the crude oil become condensed in a fractionating column?
heated crude oil is piped into the bottom.
the vaporised oil evaporates
then rises up the column and the fractions are tapped off at different levels where they condense
when the crude oil has been fractioned what can they then be used for?
fuels
petrochemical industry
natural and synthetic carbon compounds
if a hydrocarbon is shorter how viscous is it?
less viscous
if a hydrocarbon is longer how viscous is it?
more viscous
what does viscous mean?
how runny it is
what temperature and boiling point does shorter molecules have?
lower temperature and boiling point
what happens to the flammability of the shorter molecules?
they are more flammable
why are hydrocarbons burnt?
to produce fuel
why does the burning of hydrocarbons produce fuel?
because the process produces energy
how can hydrocarbons produce smaller molecules?
by heating the hydrocarbons to vaporise them
what processes can take place to make smaller hydrocarbons?
passing them over a hot catalyst or mixing them with steam and heated to high temperature
what is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
what are the first two alkenes?
ethene and propene
what happens when alkene reacts with bromine water?
it becomes colourless
why are products from cracking useful as fuels?
because they have shorter chains making them more flammable
